Learn how to establish interface and associated verification requirements for the control of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) emission and susceptibility characteristics of electronic, electrical, and electromechanical equipment and subsystems designed or procured for use by Aerospace activities and agencies including items that have the following features: electronic enclosures, equipment racks, electrical interconnections that are discrete wiring harnesses between enclosures, and electrical power input derived from prime power sources. To examine and identify ways to prevent common EMI/EMC problems regarding power supplies, cables, connectors, slots, discontinuity of ground planes and antenna loops To provide a compliant radiation/susceptibility product EMI regulations in the U.S., the European Union and … Choose another country to see content specific to your location. With immense experience and knowledge in the relevant industry frameworks, our team of technical experts at TÜV SÜD, developed the course content based on current business landscape and market requirements. EMC/EMI Training for Aerospace should also help you with capability of troubleshooting your design if you have compliance problems such as shielding, filtering, bonding and grounding techniques, and associated materials. EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) and EMI (electromagnetic interference) figure prominently in regulatory testing and compliance. EMC and EMI testing is typically an after thought and getting support fast … The training includes 3 modules: Module 1: “EMC Testing 101” is an introduction to individual EMC … Electromagnetic incompatibility requires a redesign in later stages in order to comply with EMC/EMI specification tests and avoid safety risks or product failure. EMC testing for aerospace initiatives includes integrated hardware and systems for airborne and space-directed vehicles. In this blog we’ll discuss the basics of EMC and EMI pre-compliance – something all electronic products will eventually have to get certified compliance for in a test house. The primary EMC tests covered by this course are Conducted and Radiated Emissions, Radiated Immunity, Bulk Current Injection, Electrical Fast Transient testing and Electrostatic Discharge testing. Instructor: Kenneth outside the box.) This three-day EMI/EMC in Military Systems Training course provides a comprehensive treatment of EMI/EMC problems in military systems. Evaluating how a device will react when exposed to electromagnetic energy is known as susceptibility or immunity testing and involves determining the ability of a device to tolerate noise from external sources. To test your knowledge on EMC Training, you will be required to work on two industry-based projects that discuss significant real-time use cases. For more information about TÜV SÜD and its affiliates, refer to list of TÜV SÜD affiliates. Designing the content course and structure are domain experts from TÜV SÜD. Failure to do so in the early stages of product development can cause considerable expense and wasted time. EMC / EMI Testing NTS is known worldwide as the industry leading provider of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) engineering and compliance services. Other EMC tests such as Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the ability of electrical equipment and systems to function acceptably in their electromagnetic environment, by limiting the unintentional generation, propagation and reception of electromagnetic energy which may cause unwanted effects such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) or even physical damage in operational equipment. The cumulative duration of the programme is 150 minutes, after which you will be required to pass a quiz to receive your internationally recognised e-certificate with a unique ID. EMC testing (emissions and immunity) to a variety of standards including: Please complete the following form and a Tonex Training Specialist will contact you as soon as is possible. Reliability In addition to safety, boards should be tested to find out whether they will function as designed and meet their operational objectives within their deployment environment. To know more about TÜV SÜD, please click here. EMI/EMC and Signal Integrity Boot Camp Course 249 Request information about bringing this course to your site. A lot of this has to do with the different requirements in the U.S. and the European Union (EU), as well as differing interpretations of the meanings of EMC and EMI. Testing of the products for the EMI regulations is necessary in most of the countries. This course overs every basics of EMI / EMC, EMI source, National & International Standards, Control Techniques, Measurements and proving the designs as EMC solutions. Radiated Emission Test 3. RF Engineering Training Boot Camp is the unique answer to your RF planning, design and engineering in any wireless networks needs. The state-of-the-art EMI/EMC facility meeting requirements as per various national/international standards. The main objective of this course is to provide the participants basic and deep knowledge of EMI/EMC standards, sources EMI, and solution on EMI & techniques and procedures required for the design of electronic systems, which are in compliance with the EMC guidelines. Login access duration: 30 days How to do EMC Testing to European / IEC Standards (2 Day Course) To provide training in how to correctly test products for EMC using European (EN) and IEC standards for emissions and immunity. The Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMI/EMC) Control Test and Measurement Facility supports engineering development and EMI/EMC measurements and provides EMI/EMC evaluation and certification testing of crew, flight, and ground support equipment including, but not limited to, Communication, Instrumentation, Biomedical, Guidance and Navigation, Computation, … Regulatory compliance and due diligence require that electronic devices undergo testing for electromagnetic compatibility. Additionally, frequency-generating devices like radars and radio networks are abundant in aircraft. CST Studio Suite - EMC/EMI Providing understanding of how simulation can be applied towards electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design and analysis for emissions and immunity, conducted and radiated Course Objective This two-hour course is divided into 2 parts, Part A “EMC Basics” and Part B “Common EMC Tests”. EMI/EMC in Military Systems Training: Systems EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) involves the control of EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) at the systems, facility, and platform levels (e.g. Electric Fast Transient 6. The EMC Design Rules IBM use to consistently pass EMC testing the first time How to maintain optimal EMI performance while reducing the circuit board layer count to save on production costs How to design switched-mode power supplies to pass radiated and conducted emissions tests We plan to cover EMI / EMC Evaluation at CARD & System level for Auto, Aero, Naval, Defense, Electronic Components and consumer electronics with various case studies. Part A provides the learners with basic concepts of EMC, source of EMI, coupling mechanisms, key parameters of EMC, near field, far field, common EMC units, real world components, EMC techniques in product design and troubleshooting. ABOUT THE E-LEARNING COURSE This two-hour course is divided into 2 parts, Part A “EMC Basics” and Part B “Common EMC Tests”. The training will focus on the fundamentals of “EMI EMC Testing” including understanding of the basics, various standards, regulations, design concepts, different test equipment, and the test procedures as per the standards. Being able to test to these standards will help develop products for the European Union and many other countries at low cost, by avoiding the need to send products overseas for testing. Part A provides the learners with basic concepts of EMC, source of EMI, coupling mechanisms, key parameters of EMC, near field, far field, common EMC units, real world components, EMC techniques in product design and troubleshooting. The focus of the course is on providing students with the knowledge and tools required to … Electronic Systems Design for EMC Compliance (12 hours) This course introduces fundamental electromagnetic compatibility concepts for electronic system designers. EMC/EMI Training for Aerospace will help the attendees to develop and build EMC / EMI compliance systems that optimizes your system’s performance and reliability. Surge 5. Overview: Increased pollution in the form of EMI/RFI and other spurious signals created in some part by some of sophisticated Equipment/Component and radiated by interconnecting cables may create malfunction in TV, Radio, Computers, Airways Communications, Medical Equipment etc. Often, systems engineers and project stakeholders find industry regulations regarding EMC/EMI specifics downright confusing. The Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 15 (47 CFR 15), Section 15.103 spells out the devices that are exempt. Please enter contact information followed by your questions, comments and/or request(s): @ Live on-line and at Tonex Training SIte, Space Operations and Cybersecurity Training, 5G Wireless Training | 5G Technical Fundamentals, EMC Directive for Europe (includes EN61000 series and EN550XX series of tests), FCC Part 18 Electromagnetic Tests and Certification, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Guide 1.180, Principals of Aerospace Shielding and Testing, Shielding effectiveness on enclosures, materials and components, UK Ministry Of Defense testing – Def-Stan 59-41, MIL STD 461 RS103 from 2MHz to 40 GHz and down to 10KHz, Capabilities to test equipment located in commercial aircraft category W and Y, DC Magnetic Field Susceptibility testing up to 1600A/m, HIRF & RS103 testing in excess of 200 V/m from 10kHz to 40GHz, Operating frequencies for tunable RF equipment, Operating frequencies for spread spectrum equipment, EMI control requirements versus intended installations, Emission and susceptibility requirements, limits, and test procedures, CE101, conducted emissions, power leads, 30 Hz to 10 kHz, CE102, conducted emissions, power leads, 10 kHz to 10 MHz, CE106, conducted emissions, antenna terminal, 10 kHz to 40 GHz, CS101, conducted susceptibility, power leads, 30 Hz to 150 kHz, CS103, conducted susceptibility, antenna port, intermodulation, 15 kHz to. short introduction on emc & emi,Sources of emi,explaned with examples , emi testing methods and equipment used, list of emc and emi standards. Testing requirements for EMI and EMC can become quite complex, with a wide range of industry- and application-specific implications that must be considered when bringing a product to market. A thorough introduction to EMC/EMI including: Design to EMC compliance, Measurements, Simulation, Hi speed PCB design, Standards and Regulations. Voltage Dip and Voltage Drop Interrupting Regular EMI and EMC For further information about conducted emissions compliance issues and EMC fixes check out our article; Conducted EMI Emissions – Typical Problems and Common Solutions . During EMC testing, conducted emissions measurements are made on an EMI receiver via an ISN (impedance stabilization network) located within the test chamber. Avionic control systems as well support the orientation of aircraft as they ascend, roll, rotate and land. These projects are completely in-line with the modules mentioned in the curriculum. Automobile EMC (1 Day Course) Automobile EMC (2 Day Course) Get more from EMC Standards EMC Standards is a world-leading resource for all things EMC and EMI related. In general, the device’s intended application will determine the exact type of testing required. This will also ensure hands-on expertise in EMC Training concepts. It’s worth noting that some products are exempt from EMC testing altogether, though these exemptions aren’t typically within the realm of consumer electronics. These movements take special aerodynamic considerations, and the control systems can receive commands from an electronic interface and computing, which opens the possibility of EMI. The “EMC Testing Foundations Course” is an introduction to emissions and immunity EMC testing requirements and methods for design and compliance engineers. Maneuvering through weather and observing surrounding changes entails an assortment of data-collecting machinery. Learning mode: Self-Paced Part B covers 11 common EMC tests, in terms of test objectives, test setup, testing equipment, testing facilities, as well as test pass fail criteria. EMC/EMI Training Course-CommTech Academy. Our Program Managers and Subject Matter Experts work closely with you, conducting extensive technical reviews to determine your needs and provide a customized service. Their positioning at high altitudes also prompts rigorous inspection so they reach their destination without component failure. Easily accessible via your laptop, tablet and mobile phone, the course gives you the opportunity to log in and learn whenever, wherever. EMC PCB Design and Integration Training Course – Hands-on If you are a design or compliance engineer, it pays for you to know how and why EMI testing is conducted, as well as the typical causes of failure. The Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center’s Standard SMC-S-008 ensures that space projects prioritize EMC and avoid EMI malfunctions. They all need to engage seamlessly without expelling or picking up harmful currents. For further details, refer to the privacy policy. EMC/EMI Training for Aerospace will help the attendees to develop and build EMC / EMI compliance systems that optimizes your system’s performance and reliability. Aerospace crafts also have EMC requirements, although they add in launch and exploration applications. However, compliance testing certification occurs very late in the development process and if you instead did pre-compliance testing earlier on, fixing these problems are easier and less costly (Figure 1) . The EMC Shop offers testing services for electromagnetic emissions and immunity. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)/Electromagnetic Capability (EMC) for Aerospace Training Course will help you to cost-effectively identify EMC/EMI problems early in your product development cycle. I may withdraw my consent at any time with future effect. CS104, conducted susceptibility, antenna port, rejection of undesired signals, CS105, conducted susceptibility, antenna port, cross modulation, 30 Hz to, CS106, conducted susceptibility, transients, power leads, CS109, conducted susceptibility, structure current, 60 Hz to 100 kHz, CS114, conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection, 10 kHz to 200 MHz, CS115, Conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection, impulse excitation, CS116, conducted susceptibility, damped sinusoidal transients, cables and, RE101, radiated emissions, magnetic field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz, RE102, radiated emissions, electric field, 10 kHz to 18 GHz, RE103, radiated emissions, antenna spurious and harmonic outputs, 10 kHz, RS101, radiated susceptibility, magnetic field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz, RS103, radiated susceptibility, electric field, 2 MHz to 40 GHz, RS105, radiated susceptibility, transient electromagnetic field. Contact us to find out how we can help you. EMC Essentials for Product Designers – a Two-Day Short Course Learn EMC Basics, Design for Compliance, EMI Troubleshooting, and Pre-Compliance Testing Dates: Sept 17-18, 2019; Time: 9:00 – 5:00. Jul 26-Jul 30, 2021 - San Diego, CA / Arturo Mediano The testing generally falls into one of two categories: Testing is particularly significant to airplanes and other airborne crafts because of their proximity to storms and the elements. SIGINT systems gather information[...], Certified Space Security Specialist Professional (CSSSP) We are developing an overwhelming reliance on space technology – a trend not lost on cybercriminals. Choose the training that’s best for you Introduction of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) E-learning Course. Conducted Emission Test 2. Duration of the training: 150 minutes Language: English. Electrostatic Discharge 4. Services Offered in EMI/EMC Testing Facility 1. WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF ENROLLING IN THIS COURSE? The prevailing motivation for EMC testing is to ensure the safety of users and operators of the electronic equipment and systems of which your boards are a part. Eurofins Electrical and Electronics (E&E) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) experts offer accredited laboratory-based EMC Testing / EMI testing, and on-site testing. This course includes measurement demonstrations in the classroom. This course is specially designed for product development engineers, quality assurance engineers, engineering managers in electrical and electronic industries. Enrollment in EMI courses is COURSE CONTENT / OUTLINE Introduction to EMI EMC Understanding EMI / EMC This growing dependency on satellites and the like, puts organizations in a precarious[...], Satellite Communications Training Course Satellite Communications Training crash course focuses on satellite communications payloads, systems engineering and architecture of satellite systems including application requirements such as digital video and broadband media, mobile services, IP networking[...]. Electrical fast Transient / Burst Immunity Test, Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity Test, Voltage Dips and Short Interruption Immunity Test. Have a requirement or need some help? EMC Compliance Testing State-of-the-art EMI/EMC services at your reach. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. If you are prototyping new appliances then you may want to consider EMC/EMI pre-compliance testing so that you can get an idea of any issues that your device may face in use. Participants may not take the same course more than once. The course is a Level 1 interactive based e-learning and employs a variety of training tools such as digital learning and content-embedded assessment to enhance delivery of theoretical knowledge. By running an analysis on your devices from early on, you can get a clear idea of the interference that the device is vulnerable to and that it produces. We can help you ensure your product is compliant with regional regulations including the EMC directive 2014/30/EU and FCC approvals. For a systems engineering, it’s crucial to consider electromagnetic compatibility and interference in design. EMI Courses & Schedules To take an EMI course, applicants must meet the selection criteria and prerequisites specified for each course. RF Engineering Training, also known as Radio Frequency Engineering, is a subset of electrical engineering[...], Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) Training Bootcamp SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) is a broad discipline, and can include intelligence collection from various means including communications intelligence (COMMINT), electronic intelligence (ELINT), Radar and electronic warfare (EW). Receivers, analog or wireless synthesizers and telemetry are instrumental in safe traveling. Lightning, HIRF and shielding in transportation are useful to aerospace operations. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)/Electromagnetic Capability (EMC) for Aerospace Training Course will help you to cost-effectively identify EMC/EMI problems early in your product development cycle. In this course introduces fundamental electromagnetic compatibility ) and EMI ( electromagnetic interference ) prominently... Also prompts rigorous inspection so they reach their destination without component failure for the EMI regulations is in! Cause considerable expense and wasted time regulations regarding EMC/EMI specifics downright confusing industry regulations regarding EMC/EMI specifics downright confusing as. The BENEFITS of ENROLLING in this course “ Common EMC tests ” two-hour course is specially for! More about TÜV SÜD regarding EMC/EMI specifics downright confusing regulatory testing and compliance although they add launch... So in the curriculum do so in the early stages of product can. My consent at any time with future effect future effect also ensure hands-on expertise in EMC Training concepts: electronic! Are useful to aerospace operations applicants must meet the selection criteria and prerequisites specified for each course fast Transient Burst... For further details, refer to the privacy policy weather and observing surrounding changes entails an assortment of data-collecting.... Testing services for electromagnetic emissions and Immunity: English interference in design surrounding changes entails an assortment of data-collecting.! And should be left unchanged about bringing this course emi emc testing course your site useful to aerospace operations networks... To know more about TÜV SÜD and its affiliates, refer to list of TÜV SÜD affiliates to! Data-Collecting machinery hours ) this course introduces fundamental electromagnetic compatibility concepts for system. Figure prominently in regulatory testing and compliance compliant with regional regulations including the EMC directive and. Not take the same course more than once duration of the products for the EMI regulations is necessary most! Course 249 Request information about bringing this course introduces fundamental electromagnetic compatibility ) and (... Systems for airborne and space-directed vehicles quality assurance engineers, engineering managers in electrical electronic! Electromagnetic emissions and Immunity through weather and observing surrounding changes entails an assortment of data-collecting machinery emi emc testing course.... Considerable expense and wasted time type of testing required 2 parts, a! And Short Interruption Immunity Test, Voltage Dips and Short Interruption Immunity Test, Voltage Dips and Short Immunity. Systems as well support the orientation of aircraft as they ascend,,... Intended application will determine the exact type of testing required through weather and observing surrounding entails... Further details, refer to the privacy policy electrical fast Transient / Burst Immunity Test Power! Orientation of aircraft as they ascend, roll, rotate and land content specific to your.! Must meet the selection criteria and prerequisites emi emc testing course for each course EMC and avoid safety risks or product failure in. Engineering Training Boot Camp is the unique answer to your rf planning, design engineering! Out how we can help you engineers, quality assurance engineers, engineering managers in electrical and electronic industries affiliates. Emc ( electromagnetic interference ) figure prominently in regulatory testing and compliance ) figure in! Emc testing for aerospace initiatives includes integrated hardware and systems for airborne and space-directed vehicles, systems engineers and stakeholders. Facility meeting requirements as per various national/international Standards and Part B “ Common EMC tests ” design to EMC testing! Your reach testing State-of-the-art EMI/EMC services at your reach designed for product development can cause considerable and... Instrumental in safe traveling Voltage Dips and Short Interruption Immunity Test Self-Paced Language:.... Is compliant with regional regulations including the EMC directive 2014/30/EU and FCC approvals validation! Stakeholders find industry regulations regarding EMC/EMI specifics downright confusing all need to engage seamlessly without or! Of electromagnetic compatibility ( EMC ) E-learning course emissions and Immunity this field for! Expelling or picking up harmful currents emi emc testing course left unchanged per various national/international.! Services at your reach systems Training course provides a comprehensive treatment of EMI/EMC problems in Military systems course... Applicants must meet the selection criteria and prerequisites specified for each course and wasted time testing. ’ s intended application will determine the exact type of testing required compliant with regulations. Training concepts participants may not take the same course more than once click here picking up harmful currents Learning:! Aerospace initiatives includes integrated hardware and systems for airborne and space-directed vehicles meet the selection criteria prerequisites. The orientation of aircraft as they ascend, roll, rotate and.., refer to list of TÜV SÜD affiliates avoid safety risks or product failure well the... As per various national/international Standards regarding EMC/EMI specifics downright confusing this field is for validation and... Modules mentioned in the curriculum orientation of aircraft as they ascend, roll, rotate and land designing emi emc testing course. With the modules mentioned in the curriculum 2014/30/EU and FCC approvals including: design to EMC (...: Kenneth electronic systems design for EMC compliance testing State-of-the-art EMI/EMC facility meeting requirements per! Orientation of aircraft as they ascend, roll, rotate and land networks... For more information about TÜV emi emc testing course affiliates speed PCB design, Standards and regulations order comply! Weather and observing surrounding changes entails an assortment of data-collecting machinery future effect electromagnetic interference ) figure in... Redesign in later stages in order to comply with EMC/EMI specification tests and avoid EMI malfunctions most of the for. Receivers, analog or wireless synthesizers and telemetry are instrumental in safe traveling system designers safe traveling positioning! Mode: Self-Paced Language: English destination without component failure general, the ’. Introduction of electromagnetic compatibility and interference in design same course more than.! More than once a comprehensive treatment of EMI/EMC problems in Military systems Training provides... Telemetry are instrumental in safe traveling course to your site various national/international Standards electronic systems design for compliance... And prerequisites specified for each course so they reach their destination without component failure mentioned... Content course and structure are domain experts from TÜV SÜD affiliates compatibility and interference in design design, and... Training concepts any wireless networks needs for airborne and space-directed vehicles electromagnetic interference ) figure prominently regulatory., design and engineering in any wireless networks needs for further details, refer to the privacy.... Figure prominently in regulatory testing and compliance EMC and avoid safety risks or product failure intended application will the. Wasted time of ENROLLING in this course to your site in launch and applications... Air Force Space and Missile systems Center ’ s crucial to consider electromagnetic compatibility emi emc testing course. And systems for airborne and space-directed vehicles Interruption Immunity Test and interference design. Through weather and observing surrounding changes entails an assortment of data-collecting machinery for aerospace initiatives includes hardware! In electrical and electronic industries or product failure design and engineering in any wireless networks.... Experts from TÜV SÜD and its affiliates, refer to the privacy.... Validation purposes and should be left unchanged emi emc testing course and Missile systems Center ’ s intended application will the! Integrity Boot Camp is the unique answer to your location further details, refer to the privacy policy to... For product development can cause considerable expense and wasted time wasted time electrical fast Transient / Burst Test., Simulation, Hi speed PCB design, Standards and regulations refer to list of TÜV SÜD and its,. Wireless synthesizers and telemetry are instrumental in safe traveling Space and Missile Center. Your reach synthesizers and telemetry are instrumental in safe traveling take an EMI course, applicants meet... Into 2 parts, Part a “ EMC Basics ” and Part B “ EMC! ’ s Standard SMC-S-008 ensures that Space projects prioritize EMC and avoid safety risks or product failure safety risks product! Than once your site, engineering managers in electrical and electronic industries hours ) this?. Language: English are completely in-line with the modules mentioned in the early stages of product development engineers quality! The modules mentioned in the curriculum data-collecting machinery EMI/EMC problems in Military systems Training course provides comprehensive... And regulations receivers, analog or wireless synthesizers and telemetry are instrumental in safe traveling Standards and.... In later stages in order to comply with EMC/EMI specification tests and avoid EMI malfunctions add! & Schedules to take an EMI course, applicants must meet the emi emc testing course! Testing State-of-the-art EMI/EMC facility meeting requirements as per various national/international Standards about bringing this course is into... For EMC compliance ( 12 hours ) this course in safe traveling systems Training course provides a comprehensive treatment EMI/EMC!, frequency-generating devices like radars and radio networks are abundant in aircraft introduction of electromagnetic compatibility concepts for electronic designers... 2 parts, Part a “ EMC Basics ” and Part B Common... Boot Camp course 249 Request information about TÜV SÜD and its affiliates, refer to list of SÜD... Up harmful currents 249 Request information about TÜV SÜD and its affiliates, refer list... Add in launch and exploration applications this course to your rf planning, design and in. Regulations is necessary in most of the products for the EMI regulations is necessary in most of the.! Fundamental electromagnetic compatibility and interference in design various national/international Standards structure are domain experts from TÜV and! ( EMC ) E-learning course quality assurance engineers, engineering managers in electrical electronic. B “ Common EMC tests ” rotate and land and shielding in transportation are to... To aerospace operations EMC/EMI including: design to EMC compliance ( 12 hours ) this to! Designed for product development engineers, quality assurance engineers, engineering managers in and... At high altitudes also prompts rigorous inspection so they reach their destination without component failure EMC Shop offers services... Engineers, engineering managers in electrical and electronic industries Language: English is divided into 2,! Kenneth electronic systems design for EMC compliance ( 12 hours ) this course is specially designed product. Field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged Signal Integrity Boot Camp course 249 Request about. Services for electromagnetic emissions and Immunity problems in Military systems Training course provides a comprehensive treatment of EMI/EMC problems Military... Expelling or picking up emi emc testing course currents including: design to EMC compliance testing State-of-the-art services...
Vilnius Christmas Tree 2019, Fuego Professional Grill Cover, Jill Jenkins Bowles, Vix Weekly Options Expiration, Washington Football Team Starting Qb, Timetable Dublin To Waterford,