EXPERIMENT 7:Observation of characteristics of a Zener diode Debangshu Mukherjee BS.c Physics,1st Year Chennai Mathematical Institute 7.11.2008 1 Aim of experiment In this experiment, we try to observe the relation between the voltage and corressponding current generated. EC 341 Microwave Laboratory ECE, IIT-Guwahati Experiment-5 Study of I-V Characteristics of Gunn Diodes OBJECTIVES 1. Consequently, t. he exercises below use electrolytic capacitors. Question: Laboratory Exercise 2 Diode Characteristics PURPOSE The Purpose Of This Experiment Is To Acquaint You With The Operation Of Diodes. Do not try small values for. Analog lab 1-2 - Diode characteristics & Design of Rectifier circuits Diode characteristics & Design of Rectifier circuits. capacitor C1 is used to block the DC component of the signal across the diode. Lab IV: Silicon Diode Characteristics â Page 4 Figure 1. styles of electrolytic capacitors are shown at right. Such “absences of electrons” are called, $\displaystyle I(V)=I_\mathrm{sat}\bigg[\exp\bigg({\frac{eV}{nkT}\bigg)}-1\bigg],$, Notice from Eq. Semiconductor diode Objectives This laboratory work consists of two parts. Laser Optics Lab is designed to perform more than 30 experiments using diode laser. This was conducted as an introductory to Electronics laboratory and in line with some topics in lecture classes. NAME OF LABORATORY: Engg. chung chinngee. 22u capacitor (x 1) 5. It is the most important laser source of current optical communication systems, and widely used in many critical applications such as CD, VCD, DVD player, computer disc drives, laser printers, hologram, laser ranging and medical care, etc. The V-I characteristics of a diode can be forward or reverse. We will then plot it to get the depen-dence. The effect is a form of electroluminescence where incoherent and narrow-spectrum light is emitted from the p-n junction. I am aware that as a member of the academic community it is my responsibility to turn in all suspected violators of the honor code. The most common of the diode laser characteristics is the L/I curve (Figure 1). On the benchtop Kiethley DMM, this is the, ; make sure that you use press the blue "shift" button before you go to this scale. of ECE CREC 9 2. Diode Characteristics Prelab: You are tasked to determine experimentally the characteristic curve of a diode and to compare your data with a theoretical model of the diode response. Frequency doubling is for instance, employed to produce short-wavelength coherent light. In this experiment, we mainly study the characteristics of the diode laser. the basic language of laser diodes and their operation. This curve is used to determine the laserâs operating point (drive current at the rated optical power) and threshold current (current at which lasing begins). 1N4148 diode (x 1) 2. Consequently, the equilibrium voltages and currents in nonlinear circuits are much more difficult to determine. For optical communication systems requiring bit rates less than approximately 100-200 Mb/s together with multimode fiber ⦠In equilibrium, both the load line and the characteristic curve must be satisfied simultaneously. Both VAC and VDC can be changed by double clicking on the numeric value to their right. 1) for this circuit intersect, as shown below right, at equilibrium voltage, The equilibrium voltage and current across the diode is sometimes called the, This method is best explained with an example: Using the diode circuit in Fig. Find Zener Breakdown Voltage in Reverse Biased conditions. 1 as an example, consider a small change in the battery voltage of. Bring a thumb drive to class or alternatively e-mail yourself the data files from the diode characteristic traces found by the, Diodes and transistors are made from semiconducting materials: typically crystalline silicon. Construct the circuit at right using a red LED for the diode. The forward characteristics of a diode is non linear. Academic year. Preface: ⢠Preliminary exercises are to be done and submitted individually and turned in at the beginning of class ⢠Laboratory hardware exercises are to be done in groups ⢠The Lab Report is the Lab Notebook, and it can be written by any one member of the group In addition, however, microscopy is used to determine cavity lengths and dimensions of the lasers and even perform microscopic in situ observations while operating the laser. When forward biased, the positive end of the diode is called the anode, and the negative end is called the cathode. Diodes: Experiment Guide Components required for this lab: 1. Unlike ceramic capacitors, electrolytic capacitors are polarized. Although these equilibrium quantities can be found using complicated computer programs like, The possible values fall on a curve given by the parametric equations. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE CHARACTERISTICS (SAMPLE LAB WRITEUP) John A. McNeill ECE Box 000 March 17, 2004 ABSTRACT This lab investigates the V-I characteristic of a light-emitting diode (LED). To find cut-in Voltage for Silicon P-N Junction diode. This curve is used to determine the laserâ s operating point (drive current at the rated optical power) and threshold curr ent (current at which lasing be gins). In this experiment, you will learn the characteristics and the operation of one of the most commonly used and increasingly popular lasers (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) in chemical instruments: a semiconductor laser. For studying polarization nature of the laser beam, diverging laser output is made to pass through a polarizer which is fixed on a rotary mount with graduations. Physics LAB SUBJECT CODE: BT 2001 NAME OF DEPARTMENT: Engg. This lab uses liquid nitrogen (LN), which is very cold: approximately . Many nonlinear devices (including diodes) exhibit the very useful phenomenon of frequency doubling: when driven by a sufficiently high amplitude signal, they double the signal’s frequency. Now, we change the direction of voltage that is being applied. Now swap the power supply polarity; the LED should now light. Laser diode characteristics Aim of experiment: Measuring operating characteristics for a diode laser, including threshold current, output power versus current, and slope efficiency. LN can cause severe skin and eye "burns". 3. These readings on plotting will be linear. Diode offers a very small resistance called forward resistance (few ohms) Reverse bias operation. EQUIPMENTS Gunn oscillator, Gunn power supply, PIN modulator, Isolator, Frequency meter, Variable Using a computer to do the analysis is much easier & quicker than doing it by hand. Few lasers laze in blue or shorter wavelengths. independent (up to a point) of the load, and largely independent of the input voltage. A resistor, is NOT the load resistor. to find the voltage across the diode that would have produced this current, The apparent precision of the iterative method is deceptive as it relies on precise knowledge of, Using the circuit in Fig. Using the graph of the diode characteristic you obtained in problem 3.5. connected to the Offset Adder’s input, and the internal offset set by the Offset Adjust knob. Use a Double Banana plug, a BNC cable and minigrabbers to, ; make sure that you press the yellow "shift" button to toggle between this scale and the continuity scale. Output Power and frequency as a function of voltage. Does this diode have exactly the same forward voltage drop as the diode you used in part 3.1? A, Use the Curve Tracer's "Analyze Data" function to. d, Other dopants, like boron, indium and aluminum, grab electrons from the surrounding silicon atoms, leaving positively charged silicon ions behind. Perform any circuit calculations use, All part spec sheets are located here the, 2. To find the Zener Break down voltage in reverse biased condition. A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that emits light when an electric current is applied in forward direction of the device as in simple LED circuit. The change in the diode voltage. V-I Characteristics 2. If the refractive index is lower on the other side of the boundary and the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, no light can pass through and all of the light is reflected. Electrical Lab Equipment. Powerful red lasers, however, are easy to build. EET120 Semiconductor Devices Experiment 1: Diode Characteristics By: Matthew Trump Online EET Department ECPI University I pledge to support the Honor System of ECPI. Measure the output of the circuit across R2, the load. This blue light can then be fed into another crystal, yielding ultraviolet light. It explains the study of optical properties for different material by adopting laser devices and handling basic aspects of interferometry. Theory: Diode lasers have been called âwonderful little devices.â They are small and efficient. With your lab partner, brainstorm on the following ideas: ⢠How can you determine quantitatively the shape of the characteristic curve of a forward - biased diode? 2. Many types are made by several different manufacturers; each manufacturer certifies that their diode meets the industry-wide specifications. Although the process is lossy, frequency doubling is the most effective way of making intense, short-wavelength laser pulses. DMM resistance measurements are a useful crude indicator of diode performance, and are often used to determine if a diode has been burnt out. Square wave modulation through PIN diode. can then be read off the graph from the new intersection point. The output from such red lasers can be fed into a frequency doubling crystal, and blue light will come out. Leading Wholesale Trader of semi-conductor diode characteristics experiment, resistance box, digital micro colorimeter, transistor characteristics omega type etb-52 and diode & zener diode characteristics omega type etb-51 from Ghaziabad. Furthermore, the slow rate at which the data can be collected by hand causes the diode to heat up, at the high current points, disturbing the measurement. diode characteristic. Objective: To study and verify the functionalityof Zener diode in forward bias and reverse bias and to Plot Volt-Ampere Characteristics of Zener Diode. Diode characteristics Experiment Questions: 1.Experimently find out whether the given diode is made of Germanium or Silicon. 2019/2020 . When, Be aware that while Eq. (1) (the, $V>0.1\;V,\;kT\approx\frac{1}{40}eV,\;n\approx 2$, This lab is one of the most analysis and plotting intensive labs done this semester. To construct a zener voltage regulator and experimentally determine the range over which the ⦠Then, we can get the readings in reverse bias. To plot Volt-Ampere Characteristics of Silicon P-N Junction Diode. 2. Measure the voltage drop across the resistor and LED. The laser diode is designed to produce a cone of divergent radiation with an elliptical cross-section and Gaussian intensity distribution. UCSI University. It was a lab practice. Connecting electrodes are following: positive p-side is anode, and negative n-side is cathode. Since diodes carry current only in one direction, they can be used to, There are a few electronic circuits, like. (1) that the diode’s response is directional and highly nonlinear. (a) P-N junction (b) schematic symbol (c) diode packaging. 3. You will find the relationship between the voltage and current in a diode, and study temperature effects, rectification, nonlinear phenomena, and frequency doubling. (2)) and the characteristic equation, For example, assume that the nonlinear component is a diode (, $I_\mathrm{sat}=4\times10^{-10}\,\mathrm{A}$, The load line and diode characteristic (Eq. 1k resistor (x 1) 3. The most common of the diode laser characteristics is the L/I curve (Figure 2). CONCLUSION This experiment focuses on the investigation of the basic characteristics of a diode. It plots the drive current applied to the laser against the output light intensity. This equation could have been derived directly from its end points, The nonlinear component obeys its own equation, or “characteristic” curve. ircuit are given by the intersection of the load line (Eq. Our new lab course on laser diode characterization also addresses these common topics of recording the characteristics I(U) and P(I) curves, as well as beam profiles with a camera. To observe and draw the V-I characteristics and Regulation characteristics of a Zener diode. VAC sets the amplitude of the AC signal driving the diode, while VDC (1V) sets the DC bias. 5 Claculations 5.1 Readings for forward bias S.No Voltage(V) Current(mA) 1 0.283 0 2 0.347 0.001 3 0.370 0.001 4 0.395 0.005 5 0.425 0.009 6 0.435 0.012 7 0.445 0.018 8 0.467 0.047 Unlike purely linear circuits, circuits containing nonlinear elements like diodes cannot be reduced to systems of linear equations. University. In this case, is much smaller than the change in the battery voltage, The above graphical procedure is completely equivalent to the following method: First calculate the small signal impedance, $z=\dfrac{\partial V}{\partial I}\bigg|_{operating\;point}$. ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AIM: 1. and the spectral characteristics of external-cavity stabilized diode lasers were investigated in detail by Fleming and Mooradian. The label 1N4448 designates the type of diode. Measure the voltage across the resistor to demonstrate that no current is flowing. and calculate the current trhough the LED. In turn, these now positive silicon ions try to regain their neutrality by grabbing electrons from their neighbors…the net result is that there are regions of “positiveness” floating around the crystal lattice. I will refrain from any form of academic dishonesty or deception, such as cheating or plagiarism. The temperature dependence of laser properties was explored using a diode laser and Peltier cooler. /B"wd~Ïä¼Ó£?j×27§¨ÜUqãï j^hsÑÌJýËóÝÀ2©â©ò:ùC(àÇ6ô©©³'^$Ç¢KK\Å®TÈú®ó>¥Ìhÿ~»-lpBûO^ä"»°>;Ê]³*®S-¿¯ay}«¼dfãÁ`ÁhÆÓ³búJÆÍkA/ï}Å3%k:Uwbv!Sµö}ëâ ç~ú. This perturbation will shift the load line upwards as shown at right, and the intersection will shift concomitantly. 10M resistor (x 1) I. Diodes Overview Diodes are mostly used in practice for emitting light (as Light Emitting Diodes, LEDs) or ⦠You Will Use The Curve Tracer To Obtain The Current-voltage (1-V) Characteristies Of A Silicon Diode. Tens of thousands of different types of diodes are available. However, DMM measurements are single current measurements, and do not determine the complete relation between the diodes forward voltage and the forward current. To increase its conductivity, the silicon is normally "doped", i.e. Laser Optics Virtual Lab This lab is thoroughly outfitted for experiments in introductory and advanced laser physics. Do not leave your analysis section to the last minute. Pure silicon has few free electrons and is quite resistive. 3. 4 During the past several years our laboratory has carried out a large number of experiments in optical cooling and trapping, and general laser spectroscopy of cesium and ru bidium using diode lasers. To find static and dynamic resistances in both forward and reverse biased conditions for Si P-N Junction diode. the output of the signal generator on channel 1 of the scope, and the voltage across the resistor on channel 2. Course. LAB MANUAL ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS LAB Dept. You will not be able to use your rst lab session e ectively unless you are al- To measure the diode characteristic curve, Note that you should measure the voltage directly across the diode, at the point marked, Obtaining enough points to carefully characterize the diode is tedious. 1, guess a current (say. your measurement of the forward voltage drop using the DMM. Circuit Theory (EE112) Uploaded by. 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