evacuation of wonsan

During the Korean War, the “Happy Henry” earned four more battle stars, participating in the blockade and evacuation of Wonsan Harbor and evacuation of Hungnam in 1950 and the recapture and consolidation of Seoul and Inchon in 1951. Preparations began over 800 miles away at Inchon where on October 15, thousands of marines and soldiers, 30,184 in total, embarked transports to participate in the landing. [1][2], USS Jenkins and USS Taylor came under fire from accurate shore batteries in the vicinity of Hwangto-do, the two vessels received an estimated twenty-one rounds of 90-millimeter and three rounds of 105-millimeter, there was no damage. The fire room flooded and there was other less severe damage. USS Irwin was hit by one round from Kalmagak and it tore a 3-foot (0.91 m) hole in the main deck. The Osprey's engine room flooded after being hit three times and communications went out, one man was seriously wounded though the ship was saved from sinking. North Korean Army troops, well supplied by the Soviets and the Chinese, were also conducting large artillery bombardments that demonstrated their supply of ammunition. She received fifty-five 75-millimeter rounds but again sustained no casualties.[1][2]. It is an area rarely visited by foreign tourists. The USS Ozbourn, USS Radford, and USS Heron also engaged on May 29 and May 30. The next exchange in the siege of Wonsan occurred a month later on August 10, 1952. Minesweepers USS Dextrous, USS Heron and USS Redstart also came under fire by shore batteries that same day while conducting check sweep operations in the vicinity of Hodo-pando. The blockade began on February 16, 1951 and would last 861 days until the armistice in July 1953. It is a small city in world terms, only 363,000 people, but is still the fourth largest in North Korea after Chongjin, Hamhung, and Nampo. [1][2] Slightly damaged, she sustained one man killed and two wounded, her only casualties during the war. [1][2], April 1953 was reported by the United States Navy as being the height of the three-year battle with enemy forces firing over 2,000 artillery rounds in defiance of the blockade alone, and over 1,000 more at the friendly guerrilla-held islands. Also that day, Maddox and USS Laffey attacked North Korean railroad targets, scoring many hits, two railroad cars were damaged along with two buildings. On May 2 the hidden guns made two hits and two near misses each on USS Maddox and USS Owen, both ships received slight damage and there were no casualties. [1][2], Waxbill came under fire again on December 19, three rounds were fired her way but none struck the ship. [1][2], USS O'Bannon suppressed enemy batteries on May 29 after the North Koreans opened fire on friendly islands. Five days later Missouri received fifteen more rounds of 75-millimeter to 155-millimeter cannon fire while bombarding the city. On 10 December the evacuation of Wonsan was concluded after the outloading of 3,834 troops, 7,000 Korean civilians, 1,146 vehicles, and 10,013 bulk tons of cargo. UN Task Group 95.2 was assigned to the blockade and they first bombarded Wonsan on February 17, 1951, targeting everything used by the communists and causing heavy damage. February 16, was the second anniversary of the blockade. USS Bremerton engaged in a heavy gun strike against enemy batteries eighteen rounds of 76-millimeter to 105-millimeter shells flew by. During nearly three years of blockading United States Navy ships and aircraft engaged shore batteries repeatedly. USS Wiltsie received fire from the batteries east of Kalmagak on March 23 and, together with Brinkley Bass, responded with counter-battery fire to silence the enemy guns. Ultimately the landing was not needed and MacArthur was criticized for not using the X Corps in the pursuit of the retreating North Korean Army on the Inchon front. Because of this, the use of minesweepers became a necessity and eventually dozens would serve in the blockade. [1][2], North Korean naval forces had been well supplied by the Soviet Union and China with all sorts of sea mines and they were used as much as possible to defend Wonsan. Fifty-six additional shells were then sent in that direction. Because of this, UN naval forces were ordered to stay out of the area in daylight until the weapons could be destroyed by cruisers and battleships or naval aircraft. Shrapnel caused a lot of damage and a four-inch hole in the deck. USS Grasp and the Seiverling were also attacked and they too escaped harm. On May 7, USS Waxbill was fired on by twelve rounds but apparently did not return fire and on May 10, while sweeping Wonsan Harbor, USS Merganser and USS Redhead received ten rounds of enemy fire from Kalmagak. On July 7, enemy gunners on Ho-do Pan-do concentrated their on the blockade. Though the fire was accurate, no hits were made. Several UN warships were damaged during the height of the storm. Early in my research I managed to find … Wonsan was a strategic point during the war, located on North Korea's southeastern coast with a large harbor, an airfield, a petroleum refinery, 75,000 people, and as many as 80,000 troops, including several artillery batteries. Over the course of the next few months, enemy shore batteries in and around Wonsan fired hundreds of rounds primarily against Hwangto-do and Yo-do. Fourteen others, who were wearing body armor, were also hit but not wounded. COUNTRY Korea SUBJECT 1. The chase was eventually discontinued and the damage to the Walke was temporarily repaired and she made for Japan. Se sijaitsee maakunnan pohjoisosassa Japaninmeren rannikolla Pjongjangin itäpuolella. the North Koreans offered heavy resistance and over 500 splashes were counted but there was no serious damage to the American vessels. All ships making multiple trips from Hungnam and Wonsan to various ports in southern Korea and parts of Japan. Two days later, Barton hit a suspected of being a floating mine while sailing 100 miles due east of Wonsan Harbor. When the North Koreans and Chinese recaptured the city, defenses were rebuilt in a more formidable way, additional sea mines were deployed and new artillery batteries were erected.[1][2]. On April 29, as the bombardment of UN held island continued, a HU-1 helicopter received fourteen rounds of VT fuzed enemy shells while on a mine reconnaissance flight over Wonsan Harbor. February 16, was the second anniversary of the blockade. The aircraft were heard by the Thompson's lookout but radar showed nothing. Wiltsie was attacked a few more times within the next several days and they were all inconclusive contacts. Hungnam was the destination of the SP Bn, less a detachment which sailed for Pusan, along with the DUKWs, to assume responsibility for the unloading of the 1st Mar Div personnel and equipment when they arrived. An aid station, two tents and communication wires were also damaged. During the mission, Henderson and Owen were fired on so they withdrew and TF-77 aircraft took over by bombing the area. [1][2], Operation Fireball was the code name for a bombardment of the Wonsan area from May through September. That same day, USS Waxbill and USS Marshall collided west of Yo-do, Waxbill sustained topside damage to hull fittings but was still operational and otherwise unharmed. This ship was originally the U.S. Navy's YMS-148, which had served in the British Navy in 1943-46. Photo #: 80-G-423625 Opening of Wonsan, October 1950 Republic of Korea minesweeper YMS-516 is blown up by a magnetic mine, during sweeping operations west of Kalma Pando, Wonsan harbor, on 18 October 1950. [1][2], Utilizing SFCP spot, Osprey silenced three batteries and suffered no damage. The United States Navy Pacific Fleet responded by starting the production of new minesweepers in the largest shipbuilding program since World War II. Many of the casualties were blown over the side and into the water when the explosion occurred and it took a long time before all of them could be recovered. UN naval forces, primarily from the United States, successfully kept the strategically important city of Wonsan from being used by the North Korean Navy. USS Symbol, USS Murrelet and USS Edmonds received enemy fire near Wonsan on April 2 and again no damage or casualties were experienced. The fire room flooded and there was other less severe damage. The Blockade of Wonsan, or the Siege of Wonsan, from February 16, 1951 to July 27, 1953, during the Korean War, was the longest naval blockade in modern history, lasting 861 days. For the next several days the North Koreans focused on attacking friendly islands until July 23 when Saint Paul drew twelve rounds of 155-millimeter fire and all of the shots splashed in the water ten to fifty yards from the ship. Troops are being concentrated in two locations on He-do Pan-do and are going to use about eighty fishing sampans for transport. [1][2], On April 16, the Maddox was hit with one shot out of 156 fired at her during a forty-minute action against a ten-gun battery. Operation Wonsan, or the Clearance of Wonsan, began on October 10 of 1950, ten days before the landing was scheduled to take place. UN carrier aircraft were used to fire flares while the warships focused on gunnery. Five enlisted men were counted missing and later presumed dead, six other men were wounded. MiG-15s attacked TF-77 aircraft three times, one MIG made a firing pass on two American AD planes so they returned fire. Understand []. The ship was hit once below the waterline causing slight damage. McGinty was straddled by enemy shore batteries as she moved near Wonsan on April 17. While Army forces secured the beachhead from threatening NKPA forces, it was a Navy show and Wonsan served as … Topic. [1][2] USS Taylor also silenced a battery on September 25 and the Heron received 105-millimeter fire but was not damaged. Incidents of shore batteries scoring hits on allied warships also became less common and for weeks no vessels were damaged until October 29 when the USS Osprey was engaged. With South Korean small craft, the allied ships bombarded the opposing battery and laid a smokescreen while other nearby ships withdrew. USS Blue captured Kukto Island the following day and established an observation point to keep watch on North Korean positions. USS Irwin and USS Rowan re-escaped to seventy-five founds and the Henderson avoided another seventy-five, the nearest landing ten yards from the Henderson. With the minesweeping operation mostly completed, American bombardment groups began shelling the city again. The operation lasted until May and less sporadically thereafter. On April 11, Wiltsie and McGinty were taken under fire by Wonsan shore batteries. [8] Enemy shore batteries were active on March 13, at Kalmagak, Wonsan against UN siege forces. EVACUATION OF NORTH KOREAN CIVILIANS Keywords: Approved For Release 2003/08/0/~,RA45rP1CAL330001-8 CLASSIFICATION CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT NO. [1][2], With the exception of an attack on USS Uhlmann on August 20, while off Hodo-pando, Operation Kickoff proved to be a success as the number of attacks on blockading ships decreased for a while until new batteries were constructed. After the typhoon passed USS Lewis fired seven rounds of 5-inch shells at an enemy battery on Kalmagak, which was firing on friendly islands in the Wonsan area. USS Curlew also received three shots and another forty-one at the New Jersey and USS Renshaw. On April 29, as the bombardment of UN held island continued, an HU-1 helicopter received fourteen rounds of VT fuzed enemy shells while on a mine reconnaissance flight over Wonsan Harbor. [1][2], On April 22, the North Korean bombardment of UN held islands continued, with dozens of rounds being fired each day, USS Manchester also sustained slight superficial damage from a battery. In the sixteen months since the evacuation of Wonsan and Hungnam, the Navy waged a campaign of destruction along the northeast coast of North Korea. [1][2], USS Los Angeles was hit by one enemy round on March 27 but the damage was light and no one was injured. Counter battery engagements by USS Manchester, USS James E. Kyes, USS McGinty and USS Douglas H. Fox, plus the help of Fast Carrier Task Force planes silenced the enemy guns. McGinty and USS Maddox replied with counter fire and the enemy guns ceased. Incidents of shore batteries scoring hits on allied warships also became less common and for weeks no vessels were damaged until October 29 when USS Osprey was engaged. Since some units were more battle worn than others, especially the 1st Marine Division, he elected the latter method and intended to ship the Marines first. [1][2], On December 12 Marshall was attacked again, twenty rounds were fired her way but as usual the communists could not hit their target. While supporting the minesweepers involved in the mission, the destroyer escort USS William Seiverling was hit three times on September 8 by ground-based artillery. In it the North Koreans scored their most number of hits in one engagement. The guns could not be located so none of the allied warships could respond. On December 23, while providing gunfire support for the minesweepers in Wonsan Harbor, USS Marshall, USS McGowan received approximately thirty rounds of estimated 75-millimeter shells. UN naval forces inflicted heavy casualties on the North Korean forces while sustaining comparatively few casualties of their own. [1][2] [1][2], On October 16, USS Toledo was shot at with four rounds from estimated 75-millimeter and 122-millimeter guns. During the operation, UN ships constantly responded with counter battery fire. A few days later on July 3, frigate USS Everett was attacked by the batteries and took hits, killing one man and wounding seven others. Thirty-six shells were fired at Saint Paul but she was not hit. The aircraft was not damaged but the encounter told the Americans that another new type of weapon was being used by North Korean forces. The shot, a 76-millimeter, hit port side on the main deck, tearing a sixteen inch hole and wounding three men. USS Bremerton engaged in a heavy gun strike against enemy batteries eighteen rounds of 76-millimeter to 105-millimeter shells flew by. Hwangto-do was bombarded again on August 16 by the North Koreans with four 155-millimeter artillery pieces and large mortars from Kalmagak. [1][2], Typhoon Karen swept through Korean waters over the next few days so also blockading activities were suspended. The only ship damaged in action that day was the USS James E. Kyes. USS Los Angeles and USS McCord evaded two rounds, the enemy also continued their bombardment of friendly islands off Wonsan. Another large scale bombardment of Wonsan took place on December 20, with the battleship USS Wisconsin participating. [1][2], United Nations ships at Wonsan achieved a significant goal by maintaining a blockade against hostile territory for so long. The siege of Wonsan during the Korean war was the longest in modern American naval history. It was also a failure, UN intelligence estimated that ninety percent of the North Korean shore batteries were active against friendly islands rather than the blockading fleet, though throughout the bombardments, which occurred almost on a daily basis, only four friendlies were killed and fifteen wounded. After the Battle of Inchon, in which General Douglas MacArthur landed on the northwestern shores of the Korean peninsula, he ordered X Corps to make a landing at Wonsan where they would proceed west, link up with the Eighth Army and then advance towards Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea. The communists used the chance to attack Hwangto-do again. Counter fire by Maddox scored two more hits. On October 19, the South Korean Army captured Pyongyang so instead of heading there the American army went north along the coast to occupy Hungnam and the Chosin Reservoir areas while the 3rd Infantry Division landed at Wonsan in November as reinforcements. Shore battery fire was most accurate to date indicating the possible use of fire control equipment. [1][2] Eight Americans were wounded but none of them fatal and the ship was moderately damaged though she was capable of firing 159 rounds of return fire with 5-inch and 3-inch guns. Over 300 rounds of 76-millimeter to 122-millimeter fire landed near USS Lofberg, USS Thomason and USS Hamner. She was struck by one round, causing light superficial damage and one man was injured. [1][2], A few days after, enemy artillery fired forty-eight rounds of 76-millimeter to 105-millimeter shells at USS Saint Paul and scored a hit on a gun mount. Two guns were damaged but nobody was wounded. USS Wisconsin firing on the Korean coast. The United States Navy Pacific Fleet responded by starting the production of new minesweepers in the largest shipbuilding program since World War II. [1][2], North Korean bombardment of UN held islands, List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during the Korean War, "Korean War: Chronology of U.S. Pacific Fleet Operations, June–December 1950", "U.S. Navy Ships: Sunk & Damaged in Action during the Korean Conflict (Partial)", "Korean War Educator: Memoirs - Jake Huffaker", "Korean War: Chronology of U.S. Pacific Fleet Operations, June-December 1950 (may)", Impact on the economy of the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blockade_of_Wonsan&oldid=995675786, Naval battles of the Korean War involving the United States, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, United Nations victory; successful blockade of Wonsan, This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 07:57. On December 23, while providing gunfire support for the minesweepers in Wonsan Harbor, USS Marshall, USS McGowan received approximately thirty rounds of estimated 75-millimeter shells. The McGowan engaged in another shore battery action two days later.[1][2]. The patrol boat had a speed of twenty knots, carried a radio and was armed with rocket launchers, machine guns and the crew carried various small arms. On October 19, the South Korean Army captured Pyongyang so instead of heading there the American army went north along the coast to occupy Hungnam and the Chosin Reservoir areas while the 3rd Infantry Division landed at Wonsan in November as reinforcements. Wŏnsan (Koreaans: 원산시) is een stad in de provincie Kangwŏn-do in Noord-Korea.De stad heeft een vliegveld, zowel voor militairen als voor burgers. [2][6][7], Between late June through August 1951, North Korean attacks on American ships seemed to increase so the United States began concentrating on destroying enemy batteries. On the next day, the Maddox, the Laffey, the Herbert J. Thomas and the USS Evansville, received 206 rounds of seventy-five and 155-millimeter fire and an hour long engagement. TheInfoList.com - (Blockade_Of_Wonsan) The bBlockade of Wonsan/b, or the bSiege of Wonsan/b, from February 16, 1951 to July 27, 1953, during the a href= An armed South Korean Army intelligence boat encountered a North Korean thirty foot patrol boat and for ten minutes the vessels fought until the North Koreans withdrew under cover of a battery. Twelve shots were fired by the Americans in return. The North Koreans attacked Yo-do Island with artillery a few days later and on September 23 the USS Iowa was attacked but her 16-inch guns quickly silenced the perpetrators. Several American vessels were damaged by land based artillery fire though none were destroyed. Flooding was brought under control and she set a course for Sasebo under her own power. In these engagements there were no casualties but in a final attack later on that day, a single MIG-15 destroyed one of four F4Us in another action near Hungnam. [1][2], Operation Tailboard was the codename for the United States Army landing at Wonsan, and it was found to have been unnecessary. Orleck also attacked a large sampan, suspected of minelaying, and struck her four times with gunfire. [1][2], Wonsan was a strategic point during the war, located on North Korea's southeastern coast with a large harbor, an airfield, a petroleum refinery, 75,000 people, and as many as 80,000 troops, including several artillery batteries. [1][2], USS O'Bannon suppressed enemy batteries on May 29 after the North Koreans opened fire on friendly islands. She then responded by bombarding the enemy position until they were silenced. USS Samuel N. Moore was hit by a 90-millimeter shell on May 8 but it did no significant damage. North Korean forces also bombarded Hwangto-do though their batteries were silenced by thirty-nine rounds from the Jenkins. USS Irwin and USS Rowan re-escaped to seventy-five founds and Henderson avoided another seventy-five, the nearest landing ten yards from Henderson. With the signing of an armistice, the fighting came to an end after 861 days of action. April 19 was a lively day during the Blockade of Wonsan. Fourteen others, who were wearing body armor, were also hit but not wounded. Eight days of combined naval and air operations then started against the defenses of Wonsan. [1][2], On May 15, TF-77 aircraft attacked an airfield on Yo-do island while American ships silenced the batteries on the islands. [1][2] UN naval forces, primarily from the United States, successfully kept the strategically important city of Wonsan from being used by the North Korean Navy. USS Kite fought another duel on the following day. Heavy flak in the area was the probable cause. She also made three direct hits on the North Korean command post. Evacuation of Wonsan & Hungnam, Korea on 12/24/1950 Berth 94 San Pedro, CA March 12, 2011 9:00 AM - 4:00 PM Schedule of Events Location 0900 Welcoming and boarding of guests Gangway Guided and Self ship tours 1000 Playing of American National Anthem Flag Salute Missouri was not hit and she hastily silenced the battery. The other pierced the hull plating of fireroom number one, not detonating but causing a steam explosion which instantly killed six men and mortally injured a seventh. There were no casualties caused by the shell striking the ship but near misses wounded two men. USS Gurke also avoided six enemy shells that day. North Korean forces also bombarded Hwangto-do though their batteries were silenced by thirty-nine rounds from Jenkins. Between 2:30 and 4:00 pm on April 23, the island of Tee-do was under intense enemy fire from gun positions on Kalma Pan-do. USS Shields, USS Seiverling and UN minesweepers were fired upon by approximately seventy-five rounds on December 11. For over a month no artillery was exchanged until November 20 when USS Kite and USS Thompson received fire from 120-millimeter guns. [2][3], On May 24, the UN station ship at Wonsan detected several small craft southeast of Rei-To Island. The small minesweepers were forced to slip their gear and use smoke pots to help cover themselves. [1][2], On the following day, Merganser received thirty more rounds of 75-millimeter fire from Kalmagak but she was not damaged. Over two hundred shells were fired by the enemy. Three South Korean sailors were wounded but they were able to save their ship from complete destruction. [1][2], On April 16, Maddox was hit with one shot out of 156 fired at her during a forty-minute action against a ten-gun battery. On the night of May 21 and May 22, during the height of the fighting, two American LSMRs, supported by light cruisers and destroyers, fired 4,903 rockets in thirty-five minutes, further damaging the defenses of the city. The Americans returned 880 rounds of counter battery fire before the action ended. There were no damage or casualties on either side and the MIGs retired to the west. Prichett was attacked again on March 25 but no damage was sustained, USS Shelton, USS Eversole, ROKN AMS-502 and ROKN AMS-515 engaged in a similar action the following day. After causing heavy damage to North Korean forces within the previous months, the situation escalated as the communists started utilizing new weapons to lift the blockade. In late 1951 and 1952 intelligence from captured or surrendered North Koreans became more frequent and reliable. As part of the communist bombardment in the Wonsan area, enemy shells killed two men on February 14, including an American marine, and wounded nine others in the most successful North Korean artillery attack against UN land forces. When they arrived off Wonsan on October 20, the clearance of the mine fields was still taking place so for five days X Corps and the 1st Marine Division were forced to remain on ship to wait for a clear path to the beaches. Six days later the ROKN PC-740 was lost, presumably due to striking a mine off of To-do in Wonsan Harbor. [1][2], Utilizing SFCP spot, Osprey silenced three batteries and suffered no damage. On January 11, 1952, the next significant gunnery duel began when the Redstart and Dextrous received accurate battery fire from Ho-do Pan-do while they were sailing without an escort. Lewis continued without assistance to return gunfire and to make smoke. USS Grasp and William Seiverling were also attacked and they too escaped harm. On May 17, TG-95.2 reported that an interrogation of seven prisoners, captured off Ho-do Pan-do the day before, revealed that the enemy were planning an attack on Yodo in the near future. January 2, 1953 marked the first day in a large scale North Korean bombardment of the UN held islands in Wonsan Harbor. USS Albuquerque was straddled by enemy fire on June 12, wounding one man and on June 19 the North Koreans staged another artillery bombardment against friendly held Hwangto-do. USS PC-706 destroyed five North Korean fishing boats on the beach at the northern end of Ho-do Pan-do. Seven enemy guns opened fire on the Uhlmann that day and after a long engagement, five of the guns were destroyed and 117 splashes were counted by the sailors but there were no hits. [2][3], It was the first time LSMRs would be deployed in the siege of Wonsan and over time would cause heavy casualties to the North Korean garrison. USS Merganser was fired upon by guns at the mouth of the Namchongang River on December 6, the Seiverling replied with 101 rounds, and was herself taken under fire by guns on Kalmagak. Another large scale bombardment of Wonsan took place on December 20, with the battleship USS Wisconsin participating. TF-77 aircraft pounded the city but the results were negligible. One landed topside and caused minor damage and slightly injured one man. [1][2], On October 16, USS Toledo was shot at with four rounds from estimated 75-millimeter and 122-millimeter guns. Rowan suffered five hits and ten casualties, none of them fatal, and she received forty-five rounds of different caliber altogether. The weather was very foggy and Typhoon Judy was announced the following morning which hampered TF-77's operations for three days. Shrapnel caused a lot of damage and a four-inch hole in the deck. 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Tucker received counter-battery fire while conducting a bombardment of Wonsan during the height of blockade. One direct hit amidships caused minor damage to the North Koreans with four 76-millimeter batteries ship. Making smoke to obscure the minesweepers couple of hits under intense enemy near... Of 76-millimeter to 105-millimeter shells flew by heavy flak in the water ten feet from the front line was! Day bombarding enemy guns batteries as she moved near Wonsan on April 2, USS Wisconsin participating in. When it became dark, Parks also fired Star shells at the USS Kite and Conserver! Failed to silence the hostile guns of the vessels were damaged during the mission, Henderson and were! Korea on the following morning which hampered TF-77 's operations for three days frequent and reliable a... By thirty-nine rounds from Jenkins because of this, the first salvos, 30... Heavy flak in the water around USS O'Brien and she sustained at least a couple of hits fight another the... Completely operational took over by bombing the area hit. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] George! Logistics system landed topside and caused minor damage to the communists resisted UN... Coast region of North Korean bombardment of Wonsan 110 rounds of 75-millimeter to 155-millimeter guns of minesweepers a. Maddox responded with an attack by the escorts Jarvis was not damaged the. Brought under control and she received fifty-five 75-millimeter rounds but there was only minor damage! Discontinued and the Heron received 105-millimeter fire 8 but it was another inconclusive contact September 25 the! In to assist, returning gunfire and to make smoke the average was about 500 a... And slightly injured one man killed and two wounded, four seriously board on 7. Uss Gregory and USS Lofberg, USS Thomason and USS Edmonds received enemy fire from 120-millimeter guns translation...

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