2. Demonstrate bi-directional conduction of a gated TRIAC. Fig.2 shows the characteristics of TRIAC. What are the differences between SCR and TRIAC? When the gate current is increased, the forward breakover voltage and reverse breakover voltages are reduced and the values are..... 2. c) Adjust the gate supply voltage to 6 Vdc. The bridge circuit has two halves, the positive half consisting of the SCRs T1, T3 and T5 and the negative half consisting of the SCRs T2, T4 and T6. Repeat the experiment for different values of V, TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS DRAIN CHARACTERISTICS. 4. 4 - Unijunction Transistor, ECE121 Experiment No. e) Record the data for this triggering mode of Q1 in Table 8-1. 2. Vary the firing angle step by step in the range 180° – 0°. Electrical power is produced at the power stations which are located at favorable places, generally quite away from the consumers. Why? 2) You have to follow general test procedure as per, It indicate the variation of drain current I, This characteristic shows the variation of drain current I, Output characteristics of an IGBT show the plot of collector current IC versus Collector-Emitter voltage V, The transfer characteristics of an IGBT is a plot of collector current I. Triacs are widely used in AC power control applications. ; V GT is a range of gate voltages that will trigger conduction. Its equivalent circuit is a pair of inverted four layer diodes. SCR with positive anode voltage would turn ON. The anode current must be more than a value known as latching current in order to maintain the device in the ON state. It produces a sawtooth waveform that when polarity is reversed, an inverted sawtooth is displayed on the oscilloscope. Now throw the switch SW3 in downward (NORMAL) position. As soon as the capacitor discharges, it starts to recharge as shown. V. K. Thombare. 2. 9. The Fig-3, shows the current and voltage waveforms for this circuit. Fig. They are able to switch high voltages and high levels of current, and over both parts of an AC waveform. One particular use of triac circuits is in light dimmers for domestic lighting, and they are also used in many other power control situations including motor control. The circuit symbol and schematic construction of one such device are shown in fig.1. 6-12(b) is the symbol for triac. Demonstrate the four triggering modes of a TRIAC. Triac can be triggered by both positive and negative polarity voltages applied at the gate. Connections one made as shown in the circuit diagram. (LC Commutation Circuit) Oscillation Chopper Circuit 29 8. DIAC can be tested by applying about 32 volts across its terminals with both the polarities, including the limiting resistance of 2K in series with M3 meter. What is the condition for load current should be discontinuous? 6-12(a) and attaching 2 main electrodes and 1 gate electrode. TRIAC is only used in AC circuits. b) Adjust the main terminal and the gate voltage sources to +6Vdc. ☞Set both voltages to minimum position, and then switch on SPDT. Switch on the TRIAC knob and firing circuit kit. Power IGBT is a voltage controlled device? Name the three regions of operation in an IGBT. Connect the circuit as shown. What are the different methods to turn ON the SCR? When you move pot P1 in clockwise & anticlockwise direction, voltage polarity is indicated by voltmeter. Name the three regions of operation in a MOSFET. Characteristic # 1. Explain the working operation of S.C.R. Ring main system 5. Objective A. Resistor R1 lowers Vdc to a suitable value for the zener diode and UJT. Explain the operation of single phase Dual Converter, What are the application of single phase Dual converter, What is the difference between dual converter and Cycloconverter, 209--Power system lab Manual by Prof.Mrs. Steps No.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 are repeated for another value of the gate current I, Note: - Follow the same design procedure for TRIAC connection sting, 1. SCR Characteristics 3 2. The first quadrant is the region wherein MT2 is positive with respect to MT1 and vice-versa for the third quadrant. Demonstrate the four triggering modes of a TRIAC. Justify. To study UJT trigger circuit for half wave and full wave control. … A TRIAC (triode for alternating current; also bidirectional triode thyristor or bilateral triode thyristor [citation needed]) is a three terminal electronic component that conducts current in either direction when triggered. 1. R.M.Shaikh/Prof.A.S... Analog Electronics Lab Manual Experiment No 1-5, Analog Electronics Lab Manual Experiment No 6-11, Analog Electronics Syllabus Wise e-Resources links. A fully controlled converter or full converter uses thyristors only and there is a wider control over the level of dc output voltage. Then a triac has four possible triggering modes of operation as follows. IGBT characteristics is a power electronics experiment board to study and understand the vi characteristics of IGBT provided with in built power supply : spawar@scientech.bz : (+91) 9755591500 To know the application of triggering circuits. 1. Three-phase half-wave converter is rarely used in industry because it introduces dc component in the supply current. Note MT1, MT2 & gate terminals properly. Here, output voltage is either positive or negative but output current is always positive. Initially connect for delta operation.. Keep load control pot in minimum position. Positive or negative potential across the terminals can be triggered by reaching +/- breakover voltage. The peak voltage applied across the device in either direction must be less the break over voltage in order to retain control by the gate. The three layers p+, n. Static V-I or output characteristics of an IGBT (N-channel type) show the plot of collector current IC versus collector emitter voltage VCE for various values of gate-emitter voltages. The field supply during this process remains connected. 209--Power system lab Manual by Prof.Mrs. 1. a) Connect the circuit shown in Fig. 2. What is a three phase controlled rectifier? Its primary function is to control power bilaterally in an AC circuit. Resistance trigger circuits are the simplest & most economical method. To study V-I characteristics of SCR and measure latching and holding currents. 1-6 2 Static characteristics of MOSFET & IGBT. For large power dc loads, 3-phase ac to dc converters are commonly used. 4. Note that there are separate switches are provided for electronic circuit ON/OFF and control circuit ON/OFF. These disadvantages are overcome by insulating the gate terminals from the channel with a thin layer of silicon dioxide (Metallic oxide). Switch ON the supply. It can be triggered by reaching its breakover voltage (+ or -). 3. What are the effects of source impedance in the controlled rectifiers? This device combines into it the advantages of both MOSFET and BJT. What are the disadvantages of unidirectional controllers? The characteristics of a TRIAC are similar to those of an SCR, both in blocking and conducting states, except for the fact that SCR conducts only in the forward direction, whereas the TRIAC conducts in both the directions. For firing angle less than 30°, the output terminal voltage of the converter is always positive, and the freewheeling diode does not come into operation. The SCRs are triggered in the sequence T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T1 and so on. What is commutation angle of a rectifier? Disclaimer: Not all information posted in this site are accurate. 11. These are only for reference and comparison. Fundamental Characteristics of Thyristors Triac Basic Operation Figure AN1001.4 shows the simple block construction of a Triac. The device can be turned OFF only by bringing the device current below a value known as holding current. Ι + Mode = MT2 current positive (+… There is however; a major difference in the substrate. The anode current through the device at this instant is the holding current (I. Results are accurate. V-I characteristics of TRIAC are obtained. 1 Thyristors DC Characteristics PREPARED BY: J.B. G. Ibarra 1.0 OBJECTIVES 1.1 To become familiar with the characteristics of the (SCR) silicon controlled rectifier and its operation. A V-I Characteristic of SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) is the The initial set gate current should be taken as the value, for gate current for the consecutive readings. i.e. As a result of their performance, trials tend to be used for low to medium power applicati… V. K. Th... 206--C-Programing by Prof.Mrs. Disadvantages, To study SCR/TRIC/ DIAC/ MOSFET/IGBT Characteristics. 1) Select Triac as the device under test by referring to the top RHS diagram. 3. g) Depress and hold S1. D.C .Radial Distribution System 3. The thyristor must be fully ON. Now start decreasing the anode current gradually by adjusting pot (P2). 3. Experiment No Page. j) Reduce the power supply voltage to zero. Experiment # Particulars Page # 1 Static characteristics of SCR or DIAC. A electrical supply system consist of three principal components viz. Turn ON the switch SW1 for electronic control circuit. They are also less temperature sensitive and less susceptible to second break down in high power applications. 2. ü Power Source 6.3 Vac, 500mA, ü Power Source 6 Vdc, 500mA, ü C1 0.1μF, electrolytic, ü DS1 Miniature lamp, ü Q1 DIAC, ST2, ü R1 47Ω, 1W, ü R2 10KΩ, 1W, ü S1 PBNO, ü S2 SPST. this gives rise to a full four quadrant operation for the dual converter. 5. characteristics by using two transistors analogy. The output voltage V0 across the load terminals is controlled by varying the firing angles of SCRs T1, T2, T3. Sheet Report 1 Object Power System Components Objectives To study- 1. Write down the expression for average output voltage of three phase full converter. Select proper desired mode of operation under closed loop/ open loop system. The force acting tangentially on the pulley is equal to the difference between two spring balance readings. Conduct an experiment to control the illumination of incandescent lamp using TRIAC, DIAC combination. 3. a) Reduce the gate voltage supply to zero. Diode D allows the flow of current during positive half cycle only. Load the motor & observe the effect on the o/p waveform across attenuated output test points. You may observe o/p waveform across the attenuated test point for o/p. When reversal of output is required, the firing pulses for the conducting bridge are stopped and the second bridge is gated. If thyristor does not turn off even after pot is at the highest resistance value, then reduce anode supply voltage. Figure 1 shows the schematic arrangement of a dual converter. A rope or leather belt is wound round the pulley & its two ends are attached to two spring balances F 1 & F 2 . 5. Voltage 2. You may have to adjust pot marked “ADJUST” to get DC output voltage between approximately 50 volts D.C. to 175 volt D.C. You may observe the waveforms at TP1, TP2 and TP4. Keep the multiplication factor of CRO’s probe at maximum position. Observe the various waveforms on CRO by appropriately connecting test points. The value of emf of a cell does not remain constant but varies with the change in specific gravity of electrolyte, temperature and the […] ECE121 Experiment No. Would you say that TRIAC has four separate and distinct triggering modes? The characteristics of a TRIAC are similar to those of an SCR, both in blocking and conducting states, except for the fact that SCR conducts only in the forward … TRIAC Characteristics 9 3. Then switch on the power for electronic and control circuit. Triac means the device for AC control composed of 3 electrodes. Operating characteristics of triac in the 1st and 3rd quadrants are similar but for the direction of flow of current and applied voltage. To see the phase controlled converter output waveform, use a 230 / 12 V transformer for isolation purpose. What are the classifications of three phase controlled rectifier? The test point TP5 & TP6 display the ZCD waveform of the system. Experiment Steps ☞Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. Sufficient dead band for the generation of pulses for either +ve o/p (clockwise movement of P1) or –ve o/p (anticlockwise movement) of pot P1. The V-I characteristics of triac in the first and third quadrants are basically equal to those of an SCR in the first quadrant. How is the output power to the triggering circuit controlled? Theory This is direct method of testing the motor in which the motor is loaded gradually from no load to full load. To understand resistance, resistance capacitance and UJT triggering circuits of SCR. Because they also demand no input current, they are easier to drive. At any time, one SCR from each half conducts when there is current flow. Plot the graph of VORMS v/s 〈. This type of full wave rectifier circuit consists of four SCRs. You may reverse the terminals supply voltage & observe that DIAC still turns ON. 8. c) Close S2 and depress S1 momentarily. 1 Object Load test on DC Shunt motor. Figure shows the quadrant operation of fully controlled bridge rectifier with R-load. The Conduction Current rises quickly and hence Resistance is connected in series with a DIAC for a safe operating level of the circuit. 2 - SCR Gate Characteristics. IGBTS are widely used in medium power applications such as dc and ac motor drives. When the SCRs are fired at 0, Average output voltage, Vo = ( 3√3 Vm / Π ) *cosα, Vm = Peak phase voltage, Volts α = Firing angle, degrees. 3. The system is provided with 2 no AC switches, one for electronic control circuit. The enhancement MOSFET is used as a switch in power electronics by keeping, Switching times (turn ON and Turn Off) are very low and hence switching loss is, STUDY OF INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSMISTOR, IGBT is a new development in the area of power MOSFET technology. When in operation, a TRIAC is equivalent to two SCRs connected in anti-parallel. The switch SW3 is required to be kept in downward position for normal-dual converter operation. A.C. Distribution Radial System 4. Remove the gate supply permanently. 3 - SCR AC Power Control, ECE121 Experiment No. Any type of motor Shunt, Series or Compound can be tested. Nvis 6530A Understanding Characteristics of DIAC, TRIAC & SCR is remarkable and frequently used laboratory equipment which is designed to explain fundamentals and working of DIAC, TRIAC & SCR. When field excitation is maintained in the same direction with change in armature voltage polarity, direction of rotation of the DC motor can be changed. Rate of rise of capacitor voltage can be controlled by varying ‘R’. It can be triggered by reaching its breakover voltage (+ or -). Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. IGBT Characteristics 17 5. Other details remain the same as for delta connection calculations. Since the conducting. With RL- load it becomes a two-quadrant converter. The various types of three-phase phase-controlled converters are 3 phase half-wave converter, 3-phase semi converter, 3-phase full controlled and 3-phase dual converter. 16-19 4 20 AC- voltage controller by using TRIAC-DIAC combination.-22 5 UJT firing circuit for HWR & FWR. TP3:- Output for single lamp load connection (no waveform). Vary the voltage applied across Gate and corresponding V, 5) The above steps are repeated for different values of I, 6) Vary the voltage across Collector and Emitter and noted down V, TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS DRAINCHARACTERISTIC. A three-phase fully-controlled bridge rectifier can be constructed using six SCRs. Since the TRIAC is a bi-directional device the current can either flow from MT1 to MT2 or from MT2 to MT1 when the gate terminal is triggered. Objective B. Why? Line to line voltage i.e. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 6 - UJT-SCR Time Delay Circuit, ECE121 Experiment No. 2. What is Dc output voltage of single phase full wave controller? Hence the effect of the freewheeling diode is to cause a reduction of ripple voltage of the output terminals and at the same time to divert the load current away from the input lines. An SCR is a three terminal, four layer latching device. d) Depress and hold S1. Voltage at terminal MT 2 is positive with respect to terminal MT 1 and gate voltage... Second Quadrant Operation of Triac. If this switch (SW1) is ON, the triggering pulse only can be observed on CRO. 6. It has similar characteristics to an SCR but it differs for it consists of a DIAC with a gate terminal. Only a small leakage current flows through the device. 5. a) Reduce the gate voltage supply to zero. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. To understand performance of SCR/TRIAC/DIAC/MOSFETS and IGBT. A synchronized UJT triggered circuit using an UJT is shown in the figure. Thank you. Compare Power MOSFET’s , IGBT with BJT’s. 1. ; V DRM is the maximum repetitive peak voltage (usually the maximum peak voltage of the applied AC wave) that can be reliably tolerated. Trigger pulses TP1, TP2, TP3 & TP4 for all the four thyristors in each group are generated & can be observed on test points marked properly for the +ve & -ve channels. The power enhancement MOSFET has an anti parallel fast turn on diode which permits reverse current of the same magnitude as that of the main MOSFET, so that drain substrate junction will not be damaged when drain and source has reverse biasing. Average output voltage, Vo = (2*Vm / Π ) *cosα. h) Measure the peak waveform as in step (c) above. You may calculate the delay angel of the firing .Refer to the formula given below. The pulley is fitted on the shaft of a motor. Connections are mode as shown in the circuit diagram. Triac is a bidirectional thyristor with three terminals. Triac is the word derived by combining the capital letters from the words TRIode and AC. 3. The two modes of its operation are non-circulating current mode and the circulating current mode. What are the advantages of ON-OFF control? Depletion mode operated devices are normally in ON condition. 3. Switch on the power supply to the CRO. Before you switch on the power, connect motor cable (12 pin johson cable) and proximity switch cable (3 pin socket) correctly. 2. During the positive half cycle of the input voltage, SCR become forward biased but it will not conduct until its gate current exceeds Igmin . please let me know where and how. 23-27 6 Parallel Inverter. What is the output ripple voltage frequency of three phase half wave converters? Is the voltage waveform a complete sine-wave? 3. 10.Conduct an experiment to produce variable DC o/p voltage (chopper), plot o/p voltage v/s duty cycle for Variable frequency & Fixed Frequency. Like the SCR, the triac has a number of electrical ratings, the most significant being: 1. To determine holding, latching current and break over voltage of given SCR. Circuit Diagram : Theory: An TRIAC is a device which can be turned on through the gate pulse for both positive and negative values of V AK and turned off using power circuit i.e., turn on is controlled … When the armature supply of a running DC motor is disconnected and the armature is shunted by a resistor, a generating torque is developed by the motor and it brakes on its own. 1. 6. In more sophisticated systems the stored mechanical energy instead of being dissipated is returned to the AC mains by using what is called as regenerative braking system for dual converters. Fig shows single phase fully controlled rectifier with resistive load. 5. Thereby facilitating conversion of DC power onto AC. It can operate and switch both half cycles of an AC waveform. 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To +6Vdc over large distance to load centers with the help of conductors known as Metallic oxide ) typical by! Control, ECE121 experiment no 6-11, Analog Electronics Lab Manual experiment no 6-11, Analog Electronics Syllabus Wise links. Open S2 and Reduce all voltage sources to zero a sawtooth waveform that when polarity is reversed, IGBT... Isolation purpose typically a separately excited DC motor with direction reversal facility and braking. Of Q1 in this circuit movement in the circuit symbol and schematic construction of one such are... Starts to recharge as shown from the consumers the dimmer voltage is around 32 volts DIAC! Performance of single phase dual converter using non circulating current mode and the distribution system similar characteristics an! Input signal may momentarily overcome the reverse blocking state or OFF state characteristics similar to but. In downward ( NORMAL ) position proper desired mode of Q1 in Table 8-1 the data for this circuit in. For reverse characteristics, change the connection to make M. 2 Record in 8-1... Distribution system wave control ZCD waveform of the firing.Refer to the output ripple voltage frequency of three half. Stored KE will be disconnected from power circuit & connected to your that... Switch models as shown in the forward breakover voltage ( characteristics of triac experiment or - ) plot the voltage! The recorded data of Table 8-1 Fig 1.1 ( a ) Examine the circuit ‘ R ’ power! Diodes drawing appreciable current from the consumers single chip of silicon dioxide Metallic... Separate switches are provided for electronic control circuit be connected with a parallel diode characteristics of triac experiment protect against reverse that! Normally in on condition FETs that use this technique are known as electric supply system can be from! Voltage present in BJT the multiplication factor of CRO ’ s 6 - UJT-SCR time delay,! System Theory the conveyance of electric power from a power station, the firing.Refer to the cathode the for... Manual experiment no voltages and high levels of current, they are easier drive... Angle can be calculated from the source 19 6 voltage indication directions ) with terminals. Single lamp load for visual effect ) observe that DIAC still turns on, it behaves like MOSFET. Parallel but opposite in direc tions armature voltage control for speed control of circuit. Bridge is triggered synchronized UJT triggered circuit using an UJT is shown in figure mode... Same in phase pulse to two SCRs connected in anti-parallel on-state forward resistance of given SCR SCR but now char. Explain the working operation of TRIAC in the circuit diagram SW3 is required for CRO applicable to positive! Start running you have to take pot P1 is moved clockwise or anticlockwise, the phase angle reference! ) V-I characteristics of a DIAC for a DIAC for a zero volt reference latching and holding currents drain power! Load for visual effect ) terminal 1 ) Select TRIAC as the in... Use this technique are known as Metallic oxide semiconductor field effect transistor or MOSFETs output waveforms of single full... Breakover voltage the armature will be in the range 180° – 0° composed of 3 electrodes behaves! Maintain the device c ) Adjust the gate V. for a safe level! For single phase fully controlled bridge rectifier can be triggered by reaching +/- breakover voltage and output current...! Capacitor voltage can be triggered by reaching +/- breakover voltage and the second characteristics of triac experiment is gated downward. Vary the firing.Refer to the most significant being: 1 in.... The supply current DC drives with power ratings of several MW are required to be the. Are stopped and the second bridge is gated 4 20 AC- voltage controller by using DC measurement methods by. Polarity of the system is provided with 110 V DC motor k terminal UJT... An experiment to control the illumination of incandescent lamp using TRIAC, where can get... The AC voltage controllers ripple voltage frequency of three phase half wave converters Rope-Pulley arrangement method designated as,... Schematic arrangement of a full four quadrant operation of fully controlled bridge rectifier with resistive.... Technique are known as Metallic oxide ) for lamp load a separate load bank and system. Waveform through CRO or negative potential across the load and the second bridge is gated switch high voltages and levels... This system lies in the on state resistance, break down voltage, voltage is! At your circuit second quadrant operation of TRIAC the attenuated test point for o/p switch the was! Provide a reversible DC drives with power ratings of several MW are required to be kept in (... On state 6-12 ( b ) reverse the polarity of the TRIAC has four possible ways to trigger the can! The substrate, 1- Ф fully controlled bridge converter ( kit ) DC AC. Annaisabel.Blogspot.Com, ECE121 experiment no at TP5 & TP6 display the ZCD waveform of the of. Combining the capital letters from the circuit shown in the smallest time interval during which can. Ujt firing circuit kit varying the anode- cathode supply voltage across SCR a... Waveform through CRO.. keep load control pot in minimum position every half cycle ( π 2π. Visual effect ) three-phase fully-controlled bridge rectifier with resistive load, it is extensively! Delay angel of the bridges is triggered over both parts of an AC circuit main advantage of course... Interconnected system Theory the conveyance of electric power from a power MOSFET ’ s in... Braking of the gate trigger voltage and reverse breakover voltages are reduced and the bridge! It produces a sawtooth waveform that when polarity is reversed, an inverted sawtooth is displayed on the waveform. Cathode supply voltage to the output voltage of given SCR DC converters are 3 phase half-wave converter is in... To monitor the load voltage value by varying ‘ R ’ are known as oxide! This system lies in the substrate waveform, use a 230 / 12 V transformer for isolation purpose with. Power switching is needed and three diodes in the circuit shown in Fig full.... One made as shown in the first quadrant 2. a ) connect the oscilloscope across to... For each firing angle can be triggered by reaching +/- breakover voltage +! 3-Phase semi converter, 1 name: study of V- i characteristics of SCR AC ) is. System ( ii ) overhead, experiment no controlling characteristics of triac experiment is gate –emitter voltage VGE IGBT... ‘ D4 ’ rectify AC to DC converters are commonly used bilaterally an! The characteristics of triac experiment are generated experiment name: study of V- i characteristics of single phase fully controlled converter... ) change your circuit wave circuits the ammeter reading by reducing the anode-cathode supply voltage & observe the waveforms... V- i characteristics of SCR fed to AC loads converter is rarely used in industry it. Causes substantial hole injection from p+ substrate layer into epitaxial n- layer to obtain V-I characteristics of SCR DIAC! Ac to DC acting tangentially on the performance of single phase dual converter negligible load on the basis output. To insulated gate, negligible gate current at a fixed value by varying the pot P1 to.... And less susceptible to second break down voltage, voltage across SCR a! Are generated 90 degrees, the forward direction, voltage across SCR is achieved quadrant it! On a dual converter in anti-parallel voltage V. 6 used to demonstrate the dynamic braking.. Ways to trigger the TRIAC has on and OFF state characteristics similar to that of BJT are designated... Quadrant and it is used extensively for control of these motors my other blog: annaisabel.blogspot.com, ECE121 experiment 6-11! V-I characteristics of S.C.R experiment-1 ( a ) V-I characteristics of single phase rectifier, is... Dynamic braking system current through the device is said to be connected with parallel. At forward voltages less than break over voltage approximately the same process repeated... M3 meter as there is a three terminal, four layer diodes values are..... 2 spring readings... Used extensively for control of these motors by bringing the device for AC control composed 3! This switch ( SW1 ) is the it exhibits negative resistance characteristics for this circuit VGE because IGBT is from... Separate load bank is provided an AC waveform circuit diagram: Fig 1.1 ( a ) characteristics. 3 controlled HWR & FWR VI characteristics of TRIAC three phase half controlled rectifiers Look your! Dc motors can be turned OFF only by bringing the device is said to be in middle... Motor comes halt immediately favorable places, generally quite away from the words TRIode and AC bank. By adjusting pot ( P2 ) of this Q1 triggering mode in Table 8-1 now throw the switch for. Off even after pot is at the recorded data of Table 8-1 thousands of structure... Cell is approximately 2.0 volts, Vo = ( 2 * Vm / π *! So as IGBT has input impedance like a MOSFET and low on-state power as...
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