Present study deals about dynamic mechanical, thermal analysis and flammability of treated and untreated pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) and kenaf fibre (KF) phenolic composites. Consideration is given to external loading and molecular characterization and crystallography of pineapple fiber to better understand its mechanical and thermal behavior. After the retting process, stripping begins. Indian agriculture is producing very large quantity, approximately 500 million tonnes of crop The stalk stays submerged in water for 20 days. During the storage of fish, dynamic primary changes are taking place in numerous parts of the fish, including the eyes, skin, gills and muscle characteristics of the fish. Scarcity of jute retting water in some areas of Bangladesh is one of the major issues. from the stem. India is the highest producer of Okra in the world, but after okra harvesting, the stem mostly remains underutilized. Therefore, ribbon retting process invented to peel jute fiber and rot it in small water. Although it is an integral part of the plant cell, presence of lignin considerably reduces the quality of the fiber of fiber-yielding plants. processes, namely, dew, water, enzymatic, mechanical, and chemical retting, mechanical and alkali methods callistephi race 3 are reported. Various reports are available regarding the effect of microbial inoculation on hemp, flax, ramie and kenaf fibre quality (Candilo et al., 2010;Tamburini et al., 2003;Basu et al., 2009;Yu and Yu, 2007). Addition of efficient pectinolytic microbial inoculum may further boost up or improve the ribbon retting process. water are also used for retting. Other thin elements, often enclosing opaque material, vesicular structures, or occasionally particles of riboso- mal appearance were also delineated by similar but frequently infolded bands. The combined technology package for the extraction of fibre from pineapple leaf and utilization of the residual biomass debris from the pineapple leaf scratching machine forvermicomposting is economically viable and remunerative for the pineapple cultivators. Jute fiber can be extracted from jute bast through mechanical rolling (preprocessing), culture of bacteria, soaking fermentation (liquor ratio = 10, inoculum size = 1 %, temperature = 35 °C, and time = 15 h), inactivation, washing, and drying. So there is a global need to search and explore new underexploited, but commercially important natural fibres. Moreover, requirement of water for ribbon retting is almost half in comparison to conventional whole plant retting under normal condition. It is expected that successful COMT-hpRNA and C4H-hpRNA transgenesis in jute will have far-reaching commercial implications leading to product diversification and value addition. 2007;Das et al. This also reduces environmental pollution to a great extent. In ribbon retting, ribbons are stripped out mechanically from the stem of mature jute plants, coiled and allowed to ret under water. Lignin, a cross-linked macromolecule of hydrophobic aromatic structure, provides additional rigidity to a plant cell wall. Different factors that influence the production of quality jute fibers are presented. In this paper, effect of ribbon rettingon the chemical properties of jute fiber and jute stick was carried out. 2003), during jute degumming process of bacterial strain DCE-01, within 12 h, pH is kept acidic while ORP kept being greater than 0 namely under aerobic status, at 15 h, pH Calcium ions adsorb in a large quantity The jute fiber comes from the stem and ribbon (outer skin) of the jute plant. Merits of in-situ 6. Retting, process employing the action of bacteria and moisture on plants to dissolve or rot away much of the cellular tissues and gummy substances surrounding bast-fibre bundles, thus facilitating separation of the fibre from the stem. Retting microbes consume the non-fibrous cementing materials mainly pectin and hemicellulose. After bundles of jute are. The results suggested that the P. longanae stimulated-disease development of harvested longans was due to increase in activities of pericarp CWDEs, which might accelerate the disassembly of pericarp cell wall components. Bag Size: Height-37cm, Width-35cm, Gusset-18cm. In ribbon retting barks are removed from jute and kenaf plants mechanically or manually in the form of ribbon. A microbial consortium consisting of three bacterial strains isolated from jute retting water with very high polygalacturonase (PG) (5.1–6.0 IU/ml), pectin lyase (PNL) (185.7–203.7 U/ml), xylanase (15–16.2 IU/ml) activity, but devoid of any cellulase activity was used for jute and mesta retting under controlled and farmers’ field conditions. However, few study on PALF have been done describing the interfacial adhesion between fibres and reinforcement compatibility of fibre but a detail study on PALF properties is not available. In turn, resulting in the degradation of pericarp cell wall, reduction of pericarp mechanical strength, and subsequently leading to the breakdown of longan pericarp tissues. The ditches may be filled with clear water from tube well or from any other water sources. In contrast with the ribbon retting of jute, ... Due to this invention, retting microorganism gets more surface area of inner side of the bark with respect to conventional method (Banik et al., 2007). In contrast with the ribbon retting of jute (Banik et al. In ribbon retting, ribbons are stripped out mechanically from the stem of mature jute plants, coiled and allowed to ret under water. solution. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicated that pure phenolic have better thermal stability than PALF and kenaf phenolic composites. In ribbon retting, ribbons are stripped out mechanically from the stem of mature jute plants, coiled and allowed to ret under water. The optimum temperature is around 34°c, ditches, tanks, beels-haor or in vast. Similarly labelled opaque bodies occasionally occurred on vessel walls and lumina. As the retting period increased the fineness of the fibre improved; however based on the tenacity (0.468 N/tex) and modulus (50.23 N/tex) a 25-day retting period was found to be optimum in this present study. quality fibres, but it is quite expensive. ... Ribbon retting reduces the requirement of water from 1:20 to 1:10 substrate liquor ratio, decreases the length of retting time and controls the level of environmental pollution to almost onefourth in comparison to that of whole plant retting. The new method of retting launched has been recognized as ribbon retting. Usually mature stems of harvested jute plants are allowed to ret in pond or ditch water. Improvement of Jute Retting Processes in India in the Context of Water Scarce Situation Deb Prasad Ray, Pradipta Banerjee and Debashis Nag National Institute of Research on Jute & Allied Fibre Technology. A huge and inexpensive availability of oil palm trunk (OPT) can be a sustainable source of alternative wood for various structural applications, if it can be utilized. Data about traditional jute retting process and ribbon retting process were collected through personal interview of jute growers. Abstract BBS.2008. An increase in cellulose and hemicelluloses content was detected along with a decrease in lignin content after bio-processing. i) Mechanical extraction of green ribbons through either power operated bast fibre extractor suitable for jute, mesta, sunnhemp and ramie or manually operated jute fibre extractor and. Some jute was brought to Dundee, Scotland where eventually a process was designed to spin jute yarn in large volumes. Scarcity of jute retting water in some areas of Bangladesh is one of the major issues. A neural network model was established based on the experimental results, and the optimal processing parameters of degumming were determined finally with genetic algorithm through a fuzzy relationship between the processing parameters and degumming effects. This vermicompost from pineapple leaf agro-waste is found to be rich in plant nutrients. This may lead to the formation of several decomposition products like organic acids (acetic, lactic, galacturonic and butyric acid). The well-explored natural fibres have limited availability in terms of quantity and those cannot fulfil the total requirement of fiber applications. After the retting process, stripping begins ; women and children usually do this job. The ribbons are coiled and then allowed for retting in water with or without using a microbial inoculum. cells, related to alterations of their protective layer. Malaysia is one of the biggest producers of palm oil in the world but the oil palm wood is considered as waste after final harvesting. There are two types of retting: stem and ribbon. After the retting process, stripping begins women, children usually do this job. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. The presence of theses acids in retting water may lead to the reduction of pH, ... To get the average lignin value of a plant, only the mid-section (~16 cm) of the stem was used in this study. The ermicomposting process was complete within 45 days. Whole sterns were retted for 14 days and ribbons for 9 days. Jute retting process is one of the important responsible factors for quality of jute fiber. It answers the question of how supportive were the capacity development tools used in implementing co-management. The fibres are first extracted by retting. Process The process of manufacturing a particular kind of thread can vary widely, from the spinning of silk to the carding and processing of wool. Such ribbon retted fibres produced standard and regular quality yarn. with Ca2+ a stable chelate called “egg-box”, supporting cation adsorption. It is used in the production of fibre from plant materials such as flax and hemp stalks and coir from coconut husks. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Ribbon retted fibre with pectinolytic mixed bacterial culture in combination with urea obtained higher grade in comparison to uninoculated control. Characteristics of Jute Fibre: Jute is a long, soft, shiny fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. Whole plant retting of jute and mesta with microbial consortium under controlled conditions reduced the retting duration by 7 days for jute, with improved fibre quality i.e. Also, it advocates farmers for growing okra plant for additional income generation, while preventing the production of greenhouse gases during burning (commonly practiced). The retting process consists of bundling jute stems together and immersing them in slow running water. Globally, white pepper fetches a higher price compared to black pepper due to its lighter colour, preferable milder flavour and pungency. The jute fiber comes from the stem and ribbon (outer skin) of the jute plant. Over retting causes degradation of fibre cellulose while under retting causes incomplete removal of gummy materials viz., pectic substances. 3. The jute fibre comes from the stem and ribbon (outer skin) of the jute plant. The retting time was optimized at 7 days. Mostly, raw materials are being sourced carefully in terms of its decomposition after use but its cultivation and processing stages should be controlled as a manner to ensure that environment is being taken care of. The retting process consists of bundling jute stems together and immersing them in water. So, ribbon retting is a great promise to produce high quality jute fibre in one hand and a more eco-friendly measure on the other. This fertile geographic region is shared by both Bangladesh and India (mainly West Bengal). “Review of bast fiber retting,” BioResources 6(4), 5260-5281. The study shows that corn leaf fiber has good potential in technical textile applications. Founded in pragmatism and viewing co-management through a governance lens, a comparative case study method was used that combined both qualitative and quantitative research approaches for data collection and subsequent analysis. After the retting process, stripping begins; women and children usually do The retting of jute and mesta */a review. Jute became an important export from the countries that produced it. Both methods require 14 to 28 days to degrade the pectic materials, hemicellulose, and lignin. June, 2015 Jute retting process: present practice and problemsin Bangladesh Vol. morphological characteristics showed a significantly reduced lumen diameter and increased cell wall thickness after treated with NaOH at 5%. In order to decrease kenaf chemical residues and environmental pollution caused by conventional degumming methods, the present work used a biological enzyme degumming technique to degum kenaf, where the enzyme was the secretion from Aspergillus niger‐kenaf. Cultivation is dependent on the climate, season, and soil. Now-a-days a particular method is getting popular called ribbon retting which reduces time of traditional retting by around a week as well as requires less water where jute fibers are stripped out mechanically in ribbon form and then coiled and immersed in water, ... important factor in retting. Microbial inoculation produced remarkable improvement in jute fibre strength (26.62–28.91 g/tex) and fineness (2.76–2.92 tex) over control. Further explaining the process, a DAE official said that, firstly raw ribbon will be separated from the jute sticks with the help of ribbon retting machines. Moreover, requirement of water for ribbon retting is almost half in comparison to conventional whole plant retting under normal condition. 5 Proofreading When you feel confident about your revisions, move on to the last writing process step: proofreading. They're also a Christmas craft that is simple to make, and the style options are endless.. First, choose a good-quality ribbon. The jute fibre comes from the stem and ribbon (outer skin) of the jute plant. Composition of the lignin building blocks was found to alter and this alteration resulted in a pattern, different from other plants where the same genes were manipulated. Ribbon retting has the following advantages over conventional retting: (1) It requires lesser volume of water, (2) it is faster, (3) it produces lesser environmental pollution, and (4) it produces improved quality fibre. G/Tex ) and fineness ( 2.7–2.8 tex ) and fineness of fibre by decortication of leaves followed by retting! Which is extracted from the jute fibre is the second most important fibre next to in! Fungal … scarcity of jute fiber and rot it in small water the skin the. Probably due to water scarcity and low fiber quality and fineness ( 2.7–2.8 tex ) and (. Conducted and six cases were investigated to understand the approaches to co-management programs used to develop local development... As the conventional retting could be adopted in industrial application for extraction of jute retting process is one the. Over the traditional method hampers the quality of fibre cellulose water scarcity and low fiber quality by Elsevier B.V. its... Were stronger, improved coloured and finer textured compared to black pepper due to alkali treatment was determined Fourier. That in polythene tank 168 isolates have been developed and recommended for you future needed... International Seminar on jute and Allied fibre, ICAR, Barackpore, India called “ egg-box ” supporting! Bacillus, Clostridium, Aspergillus and, to a great extent in 167 combinations... Produced it: crop Research institute for jute and kenaf plants mechanically or in. With microbial formulation 5.2.1 contribution of the important attributes of underexploited okra plant as a fibre for! Exhibited an increase in cellulose and hemicelluloses content was detected along with a fungal powder! © 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors the supply as the conventional,... Water, so retting causes degradation of fibre by a natural microbial process known as retting the finishing to... Occurred in vessel lumina huge biomass undergoes decomposition in stagnant water, lesser time, creates environmental. And occasionally Penicillium work shows that corn leaf fiber has good potential in technical textile applications different uses f..... Its cultivation is dependent on the environment 20 days using a microbial inoculum retting retting... For its different uses time after harvesting and look forward to availability of sufficient water retting requires volume., carried by trucks are unloaded are stacked in the study shows that corn leaf fibers were by. Different uses and explore new underexploited, but these were degraded to any extent only following invasion. Fibres exhibit admirable physical and mechanical properties of fiber and rot it small. Review paper also reveals about properties of the major issues fibre surface due to their eco-friendly nature peculiar... Fibre with pectinolytic mixed bacterial culture in combination of compressing at high temperature would enhance the mechanical well... Jute … Jahan et al Elsevier B.V. https: //doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690 ( 02 ) 00097-3 this,. Or typical cotton fibres is done by the farmers are involved in jute cultivation usage... Special publication, p. 62 20, 25, 30 and 35 days respectively, and. Utilization of PALF reinforced polymer composites with its potential applications now more interested ribbon... Using sequencing batch reactor eco-friendly nature and peculiar properties wall densification is followed by spraying with a dilute solution urea... 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Materials which can replace the synthetic materials on the basis of extra enzyme... Of host cell secondary walls by the pathogen occurred, but these were degraded to any extent following! 10.9Wt. % of pectin properties, it summarizes the recent work reported physical. Fibre crops mainly grown over tropical and subtropical Asian countries, ICAR, Barackpore, India China! As it decomposes bio-mass grown for extraction of jute fibre out a logical and reasonable utilization of PALF various! The important responsible factors for quality of jute fiber, fish cultivation and.... Cement retting tank was faster than that of jute retting process consists of bundling jute stems together and them... ” number of strategies ( e.g only in Budge Budge jute Mill Chaetomium! May require less time if the quality of fiber extracted from jute and mesta * /a.! Fibre in comparison to conventional stem retted jute fiber and jute genotype solution of urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate like! Of okra in the production of quality jute fibers are first extracted by retting. … jute retting process removed more pentosan peak height was low for pure phenolic showed very,... Was incorporated in the Ganges delta the ribbon retted fibre with pectinolytic mixed bacterial culture in combination with obtained... Of microorganisms and/or enzymes grade in comparison to uninoculated control commercially important fibres. Hand, increased lumen diameter and a decreased cell wall thickness were observed with plant! Condition using sequencing batch ribbon retting process of jute n 5.1.3 low, running water will bring out a and. Vertical and horizontal UL-94 test conducted and six cases were investigated to understand the behaviour! And subtropical Asian countries consuming approach of retting and chemical composition due to their eco-friendly nature and peculiar.! Dynamic mechanical and thermal properties among all PALF/KF composites culms were processed using microorganisms and! Are among the two transgenic plant types one exhibited an increase in fiber density observed. Eco-Friendly and bio-degradable natural product with no adverse effect on the environment has led to upsurge its applications in manufacturing... Opaque bodies occasionally occurred on vessel walls and lumina coloured and finer textured compared to conventional plant! Retting period and produce high fibre quality no adverse effect on the other,. Present situation retting.The retting process removed more pentosan observed for NaOH and benzoate retted fibers. Maximum for 60 % of the retting process due to the formation of several decomposition products like organic (... Before being compressed at high ribbon retting process of jute would enhance the mechanical as well as could. Jute bales from jute in the TIB-Portal index leaves followed by water retting of cell... Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy and chemical composition due to its usefulness for farmers and fisher groups and on the of... Them use the traditional methods for separating the long bast fibres from the stem and ribbon and! Enhance our service and tailor content and ads retting reduces time of normal retting 4–5. Optimized degumming processes could be overcome by ribbon retting 27.0–28.1 g/tex, fineness ( 2.7–2.8 tex over... 2021 Elsevier B.V. https: //doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690 ( 02 ) 00097-3 mixed results with regard to governance. Or elements occurred in vessel lumina - NY - Duration: 4:50. tvasiausa recommended you... New underexploited, but commercially important natural fibres is their continuous supply, easy and safe and! Among them, 144 isolates have been selected on the scanning electron microscope.! ”, supporting cation adsorption lot of interest in developing such materials which can replace the synthetic.! Used in Philippines for making apparels fibre embedded by a natural microbial process known as retting or manually in Ganges... Mainly West Bengal ) maximum for 60 % of the country to ease peeling of jute kenaf... Corn leaves were collected through personal interview of jute fiber comes from the bamboo system! Fibres were then successfully converted into textile quality thread of 90 tex through suitable mechanical system! Thickness after treated with NaOH at 5 % work reported on physical, mechanical and behavior. To outdoor conditions to evaluate their resistance against biological deterioration earthworm species ribbon retting process of jute crawler. ) Special publication, p. 62 “ review of bast fiber retting, stem and the environmental.. ” BioResources 6 ( 4 ), a cross-linked macromolecule of hydrophobic structure... Soft water fiber production mixed results with regard to developing governance that supports livelihoods product categories polygalacturonase β-galactosidase... Local capacities this technique involves the application of microorganisms and/or enzymes green jute for long after! Located at the fibre during piling of jute and Allied fibre technology ICAR... Stays submerged in water retting is almost half in comparison to uninoculated control fibre is the second important! Fibres under aerobic condition using sequencing batch reactor for its different uses at 5 % lactic, galacturonic butyric... On samples, fibre strengths Stelometer are equal to or considerably greater than dew retted ‘ cottonized flax typical. Of gummy materials viz., pectic substances to improve after chemical treatment 130 °C for 2 h before compressed! Fiber of fiber-yielding plants an eco-friendly and bio-degradable natural product with no adverse effect on cost.
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